Early childhood development strategy for the world's children with disabilities.

Early childhood is foundational for optimal and inclusive lifelong learning, health and well-being. Young children with disabilities face substantial risks of sub-optimal early childhood development (ECD), requiring targeted support to ensure equitable access to lifelong learning opportunities, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Although the Sustainable Development Goals, 2015-2030 (SDGs) emphasise inclusive education for children under 5 years with disabilities, there is no global strategy for achieving this goal since the launch of the SDGs.

[Work Disability Prevention: an area of study needed to address the Colombian system challenges in occupational risks].

This paper aims to address the importance of study, introduce and implement the issue of prevention and management of work disability in Colombia. Text structure responses to questions ranging from the current situation of workers and their health in Colombia, from the importance of studying this subject; the approach of the determinants of work disability; its definition, to the challenges settled for different actors in the Sistema Nacional de Seguridad Social involved in the process of prevention, care, rehabilitation, compensation, and return home.

[An occupational evaluation of disabled people from a human abilities' viewpoint].

Objective: Describing how a tool was designed for assessing disabled people in Colombia (called "Occupational evaluation of handicapped people in Colombia").

Method: This was a multi-method study which consisted of five phases and a stakeholder participation-based strategy. The first stage of the multi-method research involved a literature review followed by expert judgment and then peer assessment of the tool; the fourth stage involved a pilot study and and a basic training course in occupational assessment involved the tool's socialisation with actors working in the field of occupational assessment, taking their suggestions into account for final adjustment of the tool.

[An occupational assessment of disabled people in Colombia: an exploratory analysis of ongoing practice].

Objective: This paper analyses a study of the current state of occupational assessment of disabled people; it took place in 14 public and private institutions involved in promoting the inclusion of this population in the workforce. The study was aimed at providing definitions, demonstrating the pertinent processes, instruments, professionals, stages of the process and support involved in helping disabled people to become included in the workforce.

Methodology: The study involved a group of experts adopting a methodology which designed, implemented and analysed a data collection instrument seeking qualitative and quantitative data concerning target populations, assessment purposes, the instruments used, timing and other relevant factors for programmes aimed at disabled people becoming included in the workforce.

[Constructing a tool for certifying handicap / disability in Colombia].

Objective: Describing how a tool was created/constructed for certifying Colombian people's disability status.

Method: This was a descriptive study involving a five-phase, multi-method design. It sought to identify needs, background, categories and procedures from differing view points, using participatory methodology, for identifying and certifying disabled people in Colombia.

[Environmental factors and vocal habits regarding pre-school teachers and functionaries suffering voice disorders].

Objective: Determining the relationship between vocal habits and environmental/ occupational conditions with the presence of vocal disturbance (dysphonia) in teachers and functionaries working at community-based, initial childhood education centres (kindergartens).

Method: This was a descriptive study which adopted across-sectional approach using 198 participants which was developed in three phases. Phase 1: consisted of identifying participants having the highest risk of presenting vocal disturbance.

[Design of a communicative model from a social perspective oriented toward physical activity].

Objective: A communication model was designed and put into practice, in the form of a Network throughout three regions in Colombia; Bogotá, Antioquia and Quindío. Based on a macro-intentional model, this network was aimed at strengthening understanding around the subject of physical activity among those people affected by the issue, from a multidimensional perspective.

Methods: The test population was defined and working groups were formed around three strategies: social production, transmission and democratization, during a three-month period.