Phytochemicals from Cactaceae family for cancer prevention and therapy.

Cancer is a global health issue, increasingly prevalent and a leading cause of mortality. Despite extensive research, conventional treatments remain aggressive, often damaging healthy cells, and exhibit limited efficacy. Addressing drug resistance and enhancing treatment effectiveness are critical challenges in advancing cancer therapy.

C4d expression in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Background: There is a little information about of expression of C4d (complement fragment) in Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) subtypes. Our aim was to determine the expression of C4d in FSGS subtypes in percutaneous native renal biopsies in a second-level hospital and its correlation with clinical, biochemical and histological variables.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study in paraffin blocks of patients with biopsy with FSGS aged 16-65 years, indistinct sex, not diabetic or obese.

Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Cancer Associated Fibroblasts in Cervical Cancer Progression: FAP as a Central Activation Marker.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth leading cancer among women and is one of the principal gynecological malignancies. In the tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role during malignant progression, exhibiting a variety of heterogeneous phenotypes. CAFs express phenotypic markers like fibroblast activation protein (FAP), vimentin, S100A4, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and functional markers such as MMP9.

Positive correlation between the nuclear expression of GPER and pGLI3 in prostate cancer tissues from patients with different Gleason scores.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cause of death in the male population worldwide. The G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) has been gaining relevance in the development of PCa. Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activation is associated with aggressiveness, metastasis, and relapse in PCa patients.

YKL-40 serum levels are predicted by inflammatory state, age and diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.

YKL-40 increase according to the aging process, and its functions have been associated with tissue remodeling and systemic inflammation. In Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) it has been proposed as a possible biomarker of activity and severity, however; in the field of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) the role of YKL-40 in IIM is not clear. Thus, we aimed to evaluate if there is an association between the serum levels and muscle tissue expression of YKL-40 with age, IIM phenotype, muscle strength and myositis disease activity.

Pleiotrophin and the Expression of Its Receptors during Development of the Human Cerebellar Cortex.

During embryonic and fetal development, the cerebellum undergoes several histological changes that require a specific microenvironment. Pleiotrophin (PTN) has been related to cerebral and cerebellar cortex ontogenesis in different species. PTN signaling includes PTPRZ1, ALK, and NRP-1 receptors, which are implicated in cell differentiation, migration, and proliferation.

Impaired muscle strength is associated with ultrastructure damage in myositis.

The muscle fiber ultrastructure in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM) has been scarcely explored, especially in Inclusion Body Myositis. The aim of this study was to implement the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in a small cohort of IIM patients, together with the characterization of immunological profile for a better understanding of the pathophysiology. For immunological profile characterization, we identified the presence of autoantibodies (Ro-52, OJ, EJ, PL7, PL12, SRP, Jo-1, PMScl75, PMScl100, Ku, SAE1, NXP2, MDA5, TIF1γ, Mi-2α, Mi-2β) and quantified cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23, IL-33) and chemokines (CCL2, CXCL8).

Anticancer Activity of the Polar Fraction From the Ethanolic Extract.

Cancer is an increasingly common disease and is considered one of the main causes of death in the world. () is a cactus used in Mexico in traditional medicine for cancer treatment. This study aimed to determine the effect of the ethanolic extract and the polar and nonpolar fractions of in murine L5178Y lymphoma cells , analyzing their effect on the proliferative activity of splenocytes, and establishing the effective concentration 50 (EC) of the polar fraction.

Expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and its receptor CD74 in systemic sclerosis.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been associated with the pathogenesis of several rheumatic diseases. In systemic sclerosis (SSc) it has been shown that MIF expression is dysregulated in serum and skin. However, the MIF receptor, CD74, has been poorly investigated and its potential role in the pathogenesis of SSc remains unknown.

Central role of the placenta during viral infection: Immuno-competences and miRNA defensive responses.

Pregnancy is a unique immunological condition in which an "immune-diplomatic" dialogue between trophoblasts and maternal immune cells is established to protect the fetus from rejection, to create a privileged environment in the uterus and to simultaneously be alert to any infectious challenge. The maternal-placental-fetal interface (MPFI) performs an essential role in this immunological defense. In this review, we will address the MPFI as an active immuno-mechanical barrier that protects against viral infections.

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Rats Diminishes Postnatal Cxcl16 Chemokine Ligand Brain Expression.

Maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy is one of the main causes of Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) produces several adverse manifestations. Even low or moderate intake has been associated with long-lasting behavioral and cognitive impairment in offspring.

miR-615 Fine-Tunes Growth and Development and Has a Role in Cancer and in Neural Repair.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that function as epigenetic modulators regulating almost any gene expression. Similarly, other noncoding RNAs, as well as epigenetic modifications, can regulate miRNAs. This reciprocal interaction forms a miRNA-epigenetic feedback loop, the deregulation of which affects physiological processes and contributes to a great diversity of diseases.

Multiple calcifying hyperplastic dental follicles: a major diagnostic consideration in multiple pericoronal lesions - report of two cases.

Background: Pericoronal radiolucent lesions are a common radiographic finding, but it is rare that they occur in multiple forms. Multiple calcifying hyperplastic dental follicles (MCHDF) are entities with few cases described to date; nevertheless, they appear to have a very particular phenotypic pattern.

Cases Presentation: Case 1: A 10-year-old male was evaluated radiographically, revealing four impacted canines, each accompanied by unilocular pericoronal radiolucency.

Alliin, an Nutraceutical, ReducesMetaflammation Markers in DIO Mice.

Obesity generates a chronic low-grade inflammatory state which promotes oxidativestress and triggers comorbidities. Alliin is the main organosulfur compound in garlic and has beenshown to induce a decrease in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines; its systemic effect onmetabolic parameters and adipose tissue is not yet known, however. After nine weeks of HFD andwith obesity established in C57BL/6 mice, we observed that a daily treatment with alliin for 3.

Minimally invasive asterional approach for microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia.

Objective: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a neuropathic disorder that can be treated surgically. This study aimed to present the surgical findings and the clinical outcomes of 26 patients with TN treated by minimally invasive asterional surgery.

Methods: Longitudinal descriptive study.

[Abordaje asterional mínimamente invasivo para descompresión microvascular en neuralgia del trigémino].

Objective: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a neuropathic disorder that can be treated surgically. This study aimed to present the surgical findings and the clinical outcomes of 26 patients with TN treated by minimally invasive asterional surgery.

Methods: Longitudinal descriptive study.

Modified Orbitozygomatic Approach without Orbital Roof Removal for Middle Fossa Lesions.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to describe an OrBitoZygomatic (OBZ) surgical variant that implies the drilling of the orbital roof and lateral wall of the orbit without orbitotomy.

Methods: Design : cross-sectional study. Between January 2010 and December 2014, 18 patients with middle fossa lesions underwent the previously mentioned OBZ surgical variant.

[Intracranial tumor behavior of plasma cell neoplasms. Report of 2 cases and literature review].

Background: Multiple myeloma is a plasmatic cell neoplasm that is characterized by skeletal destruction, renal failure, anemia and hypercalcemia. The skull plasmacytomas represent less than 1% of the head and neck tumors, they can be the primary lesion or occur as a secondary manifestation of multiple myeloma in 20-30% of the patients, or they can even manifest several years later after the diagnosis of plasmacytoma. Although some of the lesions may be surgically accessible, the aggressive natural behavior will complicate the evolution of the patients.

Nitric oxide donors as neuroprotective agents after an ischemic stroke-related inflammatory reaction.

Cerebral ischemia initiates a cascade of detrimental events including glutamate-associated excitotoxicity, intracellular calcium accumulation, formation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane lipid degradation, and DNA damage, which lead to the disruption of cellular homeostasis and structural damage of ischemic brain tissue. Cerebral ischemia also triggers acute inflammation, which exacerbates primary brain damage. Therefore, reducing oxidative stress (OS) and downregulating the inflammatory response are options that merit consideration as potential therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke.

Ping pong fractures: treatment using a new medical device.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the use of a new medical device to elevate depressed skull fractures (DSFs) in newborns and minor infants.

Methods: Nine patients (ranging from 1 day to 9 months of age) with simple DSF underwent skull elevation by a new elevator medical device. This medical device comprises two elements: a pediatric resuscitator (CPR mask) connected to a 50-ml syringe.

[Clinical trials without statistical significance. Importance of type II error].

A randomized clinical trial is a prospective experiment to compare one or more interventions against a control group, in order to determine the effectiveness of the interventions. A clinical trial may compare the value of a drug vs. placebo.

William and Charles Mayo: their influence on American medicine.

In a little-known Midwest town named Rochester, Minnesota, a talented physician grew in fame and respect: Dr. William Worrall Mayo, who was influential in the evolution of medicine. He was a steadfast learner and raised two sons, William and Charles, to follow in his footsteps and further medical knowledge.