Predictive factors for sepsis by carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli in adult critical patients in Rio de Janeiro: a case-case-control design in a prospective cohort study.

Background: Studies have investigated risk factors for infections by specific species of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB), but few considered the group of GNB species and most of them were performed in the setting of bacteremia or hospital infection. This study was implemented to identify risk factors for sepsis by CR- and carbapenem-susceptible (CS) GNB in intensive care unit (ICU) patients to improve management strategies for CR-GNB sepsis.

Methods: We developed a case-case-control study from a prospective cohort of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis-2 or sepsis-3 criteria in which blood and other sample cultures were collected and antimicrobial therapy was instituted, in an adult clinical-surgical ICU, at tertiary public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, from August 2015 through March 2017.

Genetic information on OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter baumannii strain CCBH15815, belonging to ST730/ST783, isolated from Brazil.

In Brazil, A. baumannii has been described as nosocomial pathogens causing hospital-acquired infections. Current WGS technologies have been useful in identifying of genetic features between Acinetobacter isolates.

Distribution of Clinical NDM-1-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria in Brazil.

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing bacteria have been identified at a worrying rate in Brazil since 2013. Owing to the need to understand the extent of their spread, this study reports the dissemination of bla in different species of Gram-negative bacilli in different regions and states of Brazil. A total of 81 isolates from nine states were studied, including 11 species.

Zoonotic potential of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) isolated from puppies with diarrhoea in Brazil.

Recent studies point atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) to be an important agent in childhood diarrhoea in Brazil. aEPEC are commonly found in various animal species, including dogs. Although the true zoonotic risk remains unknown, some strains recovered from dogs present the same serotypes and carry the same virulence genes implicated in human disease.

Rapid detection of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 using a duplex PCR assay.

Yersinia enterocolitica, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is a zoonotic agent that causes gastrointestinal diseases and some extraintestinal disorders in humans. Y. enterocolitica ssp.

Next-generation sequencing virulome analysis of a Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. palearctica bioserotype 4/O:3 ST18 isolated from human blood in Brazil.

Yersinia enterocolitica is a widespread Gram-negative bacterium that causes gastrointestinal disease and other clinical manifestations in humans. Potentially pathogenic Y. enterocolitica has been isolated in Brazil, from human, environmental, food, and animal sources.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter pittii strain harboring bla from Brazil.

In this study, we report the isolation of OXA-72-producing Acinetobacter pittii in Brazil. A carbapenem-resistant A. pittii strain was recovered from a hospitalized female patient from Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil.

Multiclonal Expansion of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Producing NDM-1 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

We characterized NDM-1-producing isolates from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PCR was applied for resistance and virulence determinants. The genetic context of was determined by S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and hybridization.

Early detection of OXA-370-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST17 co-harboring bla in Brazil.

We aimed to describe an early detection of OXA-370-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Brazil. The isolate CCBH10079 belonged to ST17 and the bla was located in a plasmid of ≅57kb.

Detection of Carbapenemase Genes in Aquatic Environments in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

This study reveals the presence of different carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaGES, and blaOXA48-like genes) detected directly from water samples and clonal dispersion (by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] and multilocus sequence typing [MLST]) of KPC-2-producing Enterobacteriaceae in two important urban aquatic matrixes from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, highlighting the role of aquatic environments as gene pools and the possibility of community spreading.

Description of genomic islands associated to the multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clone ST277.

Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clone ST277 is disseminated in Brazil where it is mainly associated with the presence of metallo-β-lactamase SPM-1. Furthermore, it carries the class I integron In163 and a 16S rRNA methylase rmtD that confers aminoglycoside resistance. To analyze the genetic characteristics that might be responsible for the success of this endemic clone, genomes of four P.

Draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST15 (CC15) isolated from Brazil.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen frequently associated with nosocomial outbreaks around the world. In Brazil, A. baumannii has become particularly problematic because of its prevalence and the carbapenems resistance.

Draft genome sequences of three NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae species isolated from Brazil.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains producing carbapenemases, such as NDM-1, has become a major public health issue due to a high dissemination capacity and limited treatment options. Here we describe the draft genome of three NDM-1-producing isolates: Providencia rettgeri (CCBH11880), Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae (CCBH10892) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (CCBH13327), isolated in Brazil.

Spread of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clones in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in an adult intensive care unit at a university hospital.

Background: In Brazil, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are associated with significant mortality, morbidity and costs. Studies on the clonal relatedness of these isolates could lay the foundation for effective infection prevention and control programs.

Objectives: We sought to study the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of A.

Molecular epidemiology of KPC-2-producing Enterobacteriaceae (non-Klebsiella pneumoniae) isolated from Brazil.

In Brazil, since 2009, there has been an ever increasing widespread of the bla(KPC-2) gene, mainly in Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study aims to assess the molecular epidemiology and genetic background of this gene in Enterobacteriaceae (non-K. pneumoniae) species from 9 Brazilian states between 2009 and 2011.

Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of bio-serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica from various sources in Brazil.

Introduction: Yersinia enterocolitica is a well-known foodborne pathogen widely distributed in nature with high public health relevance, especially in Europe.

Methodology: This study aimed to analyze the pathogenic potential of Y. enterocolitica isolated strains from human, animal, food, and environmental sources and from different regions of Brazil by detecting virulence genes inv, ail, ystA, and virF through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), phenotypic tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility analysis.