Behavioral assessment of auditory processing in adulthood: population of interest and tests - a systematic review.

Purpose: To identify the behavioral tests used to assess auditory processing throughout adulthood, focusing on the characteristics of the target population as an interest group.

Research Strategies: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scielo, databases were searched with descriptors: "auditory perception" or "auditory perception disorders" or "auditory processing" or "central auditory processing" or "auditory processing disorders" or "central auditory processing disorders" with adults OR aging.

Selection Criteria: Studies with humans included, the adult population from 18 to 64 years old, who performed at least one behavioral test to assess auditory processing in the absence of hearing loss.

Cortical auditory evoked potentials with different acoustic stimuli: Evidence of differences and similarities in coding in auditory processing disorders.

Objectives: The use of cortical auditory evoked potentials allows for the study of the processing of acoustic signals at the cortical level, an important step in the diagnostic evaluation process, and for the monitoring of the therapeutic process associated with auditory processing disorders (APD). The differences and similarities in the acoustic coding between different types of stimuli in the context of APD remain unknown to this date.

Methods: A total of 37 children aged between 7 and 11 years, with and without APDs (identified based on verbal and non-verbal tests), all with a suitable intelligence quotient with respect to their chronological age, were assessed.

Intervention based on shared story reading: effect on low and high challenge reading and writing tasks.

Purpose: to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention proposal based on shared story reading for reading comprehension, written narrative and word reading/writing.

Methods: 44 children were divided into two groups according to their performance in a reading comprehension test - The first group, G1, consisted of children with reading comprehension difficulty, and the second, G2, consisted of children who did not have difficulties. All children were evaluated regarding reading/writing isolated words, reading comprehension of sentences, and written narrative.

Development of language and arithmetic skills: risk and protective factors. Comparative cross-sectional study.

Background: In a literate society, linguistic/arithmetic performance is highly valued. Based on defined risk factors, strategies for promotion of better performance can be developed.

Objective: To ascertain the risk and protective factors relating to development of language and arithmetic.

Variables associated with speech and language therapy time for aphasia, apraxia of speech and dysarthria.

Unlabelled: The most common acquired communication disorders are aphasia, dysarthria and apraxia of speech. Determining the factors associated with speech therapy time of adults with these disorders can further the understanding of the speech and language rehabilitation process within the public service and linked to the health education process.

Objective: To analyze the types of acquired neurological disorders of communication of patients treated during the first years of implementation of a medium complexity service, along with demographic data, and rehabilitation time; and to determine associations between rehabilitation time and age, education, type of communication disorder, neurological disease duration and having been seen by a trainee.

Relation between arithmetic performance and phonological working memory in children.

Purpose: To compare the results of Loop Phonological Working Memory (LPWM) in children without global learning alterations, with lower and average/higher arithmetic performance.

Methods: The study was conducted with 30 children, between the ages of seven and nine years old, who attended the second or third grade of elementary school in the public network. Exclusion criteria were children with suggestive signs of hearing loss, neurological disorders, poor performance in the reading comprehension test or in speech therapy.

Deficits in working memory, reading comprehension and arithmetic skills in children with mouth breathing syndrome: analytical cross-sectional study.

Context And Objective: Mouth breathing syndrome is very common among school-age children, and it is possibly related to learning difficulties and low academic achievement. In this study, we investigated working memory, reading comprehension and arithmetic skills in children with nasal and mouth breathing.

Design And Setting: Analytical cross-sectional study with control group conducted in a public university hospital.

Audiometric thresholds and auditory processing in children with early malnutrition: a retrospective cohort study.

Context And Objective: Malnutrition is one of the causes of changes in cell metabolism. The inner ear has few energy reserves and high metabolism. The aim of this study was to analyze whether malnutrition at an early age is related to impairment of auditory processing abilities and hearing abnormalities.

Memory, learning, and participation of the cholinergic system in young rats exposed to environmental enrichment.

The present study demonstrates the consequences of animal exposure to an enriched environment compared to animals living in a standard environment regarding learning and space memory. Male albino Wistar rats were exposed to an enriched environment for 4 weeks after the lactation period and tested in the Morris water maze in the distal and proximal clue version and in the arena. In the former test, the animals were tested at 50 days of age with 12 daily trials on two consecutive days.

Phonological awareness abilities of a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome before and after speech therapy.

The aim of the present study was to characterize the phonological awareness abilities of a child with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) before and after speech-language therapy. The participant was a 6-year-old girl, first-grade Elementary School student, with AIDS acquired by vertical transmission. The child's phonological awareness abilities were evaluated using the Instrument of Sequential Evaluation of Phonological Awareness (CONFIAS).

Characterization of language and phonological working memory in patients with myoclonic astatic epileptic syndrome.

The course of myoclonic astatic epileptic syndrome (MAES) is variable and little information is available about cortical functions in the presence of the disease. The objective of the present study was to assess the phonological working memory (PWM) and the verbal language of six patients between 8 and 18 years old, on treatment for at least 5 years, and good control of seizures, diagnosed in the Service of Epilepsy of Hospital of Clinics of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University in Brazil. The Test of Repetition of Meaningless Words was used to assess PWM.

Anxiolytic-like effects of short-term postnatal protein malnutrition in the elevated plus-maze test.

Given that protein malnutrition induces structural, neurochemical and functional changes in the CNS, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term early protein malnutrition on the behavior and reactivity to diazepam (DZ) in the elevated plus-maze test (EPM). Male Wistar rats (n=176) from well-nourished (16%-protein) or malnourished litters (6%-protein) were distributed in five different groups: W (well-nourished), M7 (malnourished for 7 days), M14 (malnourished for 14 days), M21 (malnourished for 21 days) and M28 (malnourished for 28 days) since birthday. EPM results showed that the longer the exposition to the deficient diet, the lower the anxiety of malnourished animals, a result similar to that produced by the treatment with DZ.

Effects of different malnutrition techniques on the behavior of rats tested in the elevated T-maze.

The influence of different malnutrition techniques on the behavior of adult animals was investigated in the elevated T-maze (ETM). Control litters (C) were composed by eight pups constantly kept with their mother and fed by a 16%-protein diet ad libitum; protein malnutrition litters (PM) were fed by a 6%-protein diet; protein-calorie malnutrition litters (PCM) were fed with 50% of the 16%-protein diet ingested by C litters; malnutrition by increase in the size of the litter (LLM-number of pups was twice the number of pups in C litters), and malnutrition by separation (SM-litters spent half of the day with non-lactating females). After weaning, all groups received lab chow diet until the test day (70th day).

Early postnatal protein malnutrition affects learning and memory in the distal but not in the proximal cue version of the Morris water maze.

Learning and memory of early postnatal protein malnourished rats were investigated in the Morris water maze. During the lactation period (21 days) each litter (mother plus six male and two female pups) was provided with 16% (well-nourished) or 6% (malnourished) protein diets. After weaning, rats remained on the same diet until 49 days of age.