Ten simple rules to make computable knowledge shareable and reusable.

Computable biomedical knowledge (CBK) is: "the result of an analytic and/or deliberative process about human health, or affecting human health, that is explicit, and therefore can be represented and reasned upon using logic, formal standards, and mathematical approaches." Representing biomedical knowledge in a machine-interpretable, computable form increases its ability to be discovered, accessed, understood, and deployed. Computable knowledge artifacts can greatly advance the potential for implementation, reproducibility, or extension of the knowledge by users, who may include practitioners, researchers, and learners.

Dashboards in Health Care Settings: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Background: Health care organizations increasingly depend on business intelligence tools, including "dashboards," to capture, analyze, and present data on performance metrics. Ideally, dashboards allow users to quickly visualize actionable data to inform and optimize clinical and organizational performance. In reality, dashboards are typically embedded in complex health care organizations with massive data streams and end users with distinct needs.

Categorizing metadata to help mobilize computable biomedical knowledge.

Introduction: Computable biomedical knowledge artifacts (CBKs) are digital objects conveying biomedical knowledge in machine-interpretable structures. As more CBKs are produced and their complexity increases, the value obtained from sharing CBKs grows. Mobilizing CBKs and sharing them widely can only be achieved if the CBKs are findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable, and trustable (FAIR+T).

Clinical Decision Support Systems in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: A State of the Art Review.

Objective: To offer practical, evidence-informed knowledge on clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) and their utility in improving care and reducing costs in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. This primer on CDSSs introduces clinicians to both the capabilities and the limitations of this technology, reviews the literature on current state, and seeks to spur further progress in this area.

Data Sources: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science.

The Impact Of Structured Exercise Programs On Metabolic Syndrome And Its Components: A Systematic Review.

Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent and associated with higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular events. Exercise programs have been shown to improve components of MetS, but the optimal design of a structured exercise program for treatment of the MetS remains unclear.

Purpose: To assess the impact of different exercise programs on the MetS and its components.

Integrating Lean Thinking and Implementation Science Determinants Checklists for Quality Improvement: A Scoping Review.

It is not known how often lean tools and implementation determinants frameworks or checklists are used concurrently in health care quality improvement activities. The authors systematically reviewed the literature for studies that used a lean tool along with an implementation science determinants framework (January 1999 through August 2018). Seven studies (8 publications) were identified, inclusive of 2 protocols and 6 research articles across multiple continents.

Globalization and changing trends of biomedical research output.

The US continues to lead the world in research and development (R&D) expenditures, but there is concern that stagnation in federal support for biomedical research in the US could undermine the leading role the US has played in biomedical and clinical research discoveries. As a readout of research output in the US compared with other countries, assessment of original research articles published by US-based authors in ten clinical and basic science journals during 2000 to 2015 showed a steady decline of articles in high-ranking journals or no significant change in mid-ranking journals. In contrast, publication output originating from China-based investigators, in both high- and mid-ranking journals, has steadily increased commensurate with significant growth in R&D expenditures.

Early Versus Delayed Feeding in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review.

Background: Acute pancreatitis is among the most common and costly reasons for hospitalization in the United States. Bowel rest, pain control, and intravenous fluids are the cornerstones of treatment, but early feeding might also be beneficial.

Purpose: To compare length of hospital stay, mortality, and readmission in adults hospitalized with pancreatitis who received early versus delayed feeding.

Use of decision aids for shared decision making in venous thromboembolism: A systematic review.

Background: Optimal care of patients with venous thromboembolism requires the input of patient preferences into clinical decision-making. However, the availability and impact of decision aids to facilitate shared decision making in care of venous thromboembolism is not well known.

Objectives: To assess the availability, clinical impact and outcomes associated with the use of decision aids in patients with or at risk for venous thromboembolism.

Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Treat Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Insomnia is of major public health importance. While cognitive behavioral therapy is beneficial, in-person treatment is often unavailable. We assessed the effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.

Flipping the classroom to teach systematic reviews: the development of a continuing education course for librarians.

Objective: The researchers used the flipped classroom model to develop and conduct a systematic review course for librarians.

Setting: The research took place at an academic health sciences library.

Method: A team of informationists developed and conducted a pilot course.

Comparing the effectiveness of competing tests for reducing colorectal cancer mortality: a network meta-analysis.

Background: Comparative effectiveness data pertaining to competing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests do not exist but are necessary to guide clinical decision making and policy.

Objective: To perform a comparative synthesis of clinical outcomes studies evaluating the effects of competing tests on CRC-related mortality.

Design: Traditional and network meta-analyses.

Evaluation of Pharmacologic Prevention of Pancreatitis After Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Systematic Review.

Background & Aims: There is controversy over the efficacy of pharmacologic agents for preventing pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (PEP). We performed a systematic review of PEP pharmacoprevention to evaluate safety and efficacy.

Methods: We performed a systematic search of the literature for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of PEP pharmacoprevention through February 2014.

Racial and ethnic disparity in food allergy in the United States: a systematic review.

Background: The prevalence of food allergy is rising among US children. Little is known about racial/ethnic disparities in food allergy.

Objective: We performed a systematic literature review to understand racial/ethnic disparities in food allergy in the United States.

Increased co-first authorships in biomedical and clinical publications: a call for recognition.

There has been a dramatic increase in the number and percentage of publications in biomedical and clinical journals in which two or more coauthors claim first authorship, with a change in some journals from no joint first authorship in 1990 to co-first authorship of >30% of all research publications in 2012. As biomedical and clinical research become increasingly complex and team-driven, and given the importance attributed to first authorship by grant reviewers and promotion and tenure committees, the time is ripe for journals, bibliographic databases, and authors to highlight equal first author contributions of published original research.