Otolaryngologic Disease in Down syndrome.

As the most common human chromosomal abnormality, Trisomy 21 is a condition that many otolaryngologists and likely all pediatric otolaryngologists will encounter during their careers. There are several considerations regarding airway obstruction, otologic conditions, anesthetic implications, and endocrine disorders that will impact the treatment of these patients. Further, there is increasing literature supporting the use of early instrumental assessment of swallowing, drug-induced sleep endoscopy at the time of first surgical intervention for sleep apnea, consideration of concurrent upper and lower airway evaluation, and early otologic management including potential surgical hearing rehabilitation.

Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage control with nebulized tranexamic acid: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Evaluate nebulized tranexamic acid (TXA) as a treatment to reduce the need for an operation to control a post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH).

Methods: Based on a successful case report of a child treated with nebulized TXA for PTH in 2018, our institution began to treat PTH patients with three doses of nebulized TXA. To evaluate the outcomes of this non-invasive management, we conducted a three-year retrospective cohort study of children presenting with PTH from 2016 to 2019.

Tracheal pressure generated by high-flow nasal cannula in 3D-Printed pediatric airway models.

Objective: Heated and humidified high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an increasingly used form of noninvasive respiratory support with the potential to generate significant tracheal pressure. The aim of this study was to quantify the pressure generated by HFNC within the trachea in anatomically correct, pediatric airway models.

Methods: 3D-printed upper airway models of a preterm neonate, term neonate, toddler, and small child were connected to a spontaneous breathing computerized lung model at age-appropriate ventilation settings.

Scoping review: Awareness of neurotoxicity from anesthesia in children in otolaryngology literature.

Objective: Review otolaryngology literature for awareness of neurotoxicity from general anesthesia in children. Recently, there has been increasing focus in anesthesia literature on the long-term effects of general anesthesia on neurodevelopment. Multiple animal models have demonstrated evidence of neurotoxicity from both inhalational and intravenous anesthetics.

Systematic review for surgical treatment of adult and adolescent laryngotracheal stenosis.

Objectives/hypothesis: To determine if open surgical treatment options for adult and adolescent laryngotracheal stenosis are more successful than endoscopic procedures.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Methods: Embase and MEDLINE were searched for publications on adult and adolescent patients (>13 years old) with laryngotracheal stenosis.

Update on mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

Purpose Of Review: Mandibular distraction osteogenesis has become one of the most powerful reconstructive tools for addressing congenital lower jaw deformities. This review will focus on clinical and basic science contributions to the literature in the last year, which have shown innovations in mandibular distraction osteogenesis techniques and advances in outcomes.

Recent Findings: The longest phase of distraction is consolidation, when newly formed bone must fully heal.

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in nasal vestibular abscess.

Background: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a recognized entity that is increasingly responsible for skin and soft tissue infections. However, it is not the usual pathogen isolated in nasal vestibular abscess.

Methods: We present a series of 13 consecutive patients presenting to a tertiary care center with nasal vestibular abscess over a 2.

Skull base defect in a patient with ozena undergoing dacryocystorhinostomy.

Ozena, which is often used interchangeably with atrophic rhinitis or empty nose syndrome, is a progressive and chronically debilitating nasal disease that results in atrophy of the nasal mucosa, nasal crusting, fetor, and destruction of submucosal structures. Although the etiology is not completely understood, infection with Klebsiella ozaenae is widely believed to contribute to the destructive changes. We present a case of a patient with ozena secondary to K.

A grisly event in the Kenai Peninsula.

We report an unusual manifestation of penetrating facial trauma. It was suffered by a recreational fly fisherman who was hiking away from a casting spot when he fell and was impaled by a section of his graphite flyrod. The circumstances of his injury, its clinical manifestations, and its imaging findings are discussed.