Expression of ABA synthesis and metabolism genes under different irrigation strategies and atmospheric VPDs is associated with stomatal conductance in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv Cabernet Sauvignon).

The influence of different levels of irrigation and of variation in atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on the synthesis, metabolism, and transport of abscisic acid (ABA) and the effects on stomatal conductance were examined in field-grown Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines. Xylem sap, leaf tissue, and root tissue were collected at regular intervals during two seasons in conjunction with measurements of leaf water potential (Ψleaf) and stomatal conductance (gs). The different irrigation levels significantly altered the Ψleaf and gs of the vines across both seasons.

Residency research requirements and the CanMEDS-FM scholar role: perspectives of residents and recent graduates.

Objective: To explore the perspectives of family medicine residents and recent family medicine graduates on the research requirements and other CanMEDS scholar competencies in family practice residency training.

Design: Semistructured focus groups and individual interviews.

Setting: Family practice residency program at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.

Awareness of do-not-resuscitate orders: what do patients know and want?

Objective: To assess outpatient understanding of and previous experiences with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders and to gauge patient preferences with respect to DNR discussions.

Design: Cross-sectional, self-administered survey.

Setting: Four urban primary care physician offices in Vancouver, BC.

Irrigated Shiraz vines (Vitis vinifera) upregulate gas exchange and maintain berry growth in response to short spells of high maximum temperature in the field.

We tested the hypotheses that (i) a short period of high maximum temperature disrupts gas exchange and arrests berry growth and sugar accumulation in irrigated Shiraz vines (Vitis vinifera L.), and (ii) the magnitude of these effects depend on the phenological window when stress occur. Using a system combining passive heating (greenhouse effect) and active cooling (fans) to control daytime temperature, we compared vines heated to a nominal maximum of 40°C for three consecutive days and untreated controls.