Tumor necrosis factor antagonists for paradoxical inflammatory reactions in the central nervous system tuberculosis: Case report and review.

Rationale: Paradoxical reaction/immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is common in patients with central nervous system tuberculosis. Management relies on high-dose corticosteroids and surgery when feasible.

Patient Concern: We describe 2 cases of HIV-negative patients with corticosteroid-refractory paradoxical reactions of central nervous system tuberculosis.

Beneficial effect of corticosteroids in preventing mortality in patients receiving tocilizumab to treat severe COVID-19 illness.

Objectives: To assess the characteristics and risk factors for mortality in patients with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) treated with tocilizumab (TCZ), alone or in combination with corticosteroids (CS).

Methods: From March 17 to April 7, 2020, a real-world observational retrospective analysis of consecutive hospitalized adult patients receiving TCZ to treat severe COVID-19 was conducted at our 750-bed university hospital. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Bloodstream Infection Originating From the Urinary Tract: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: bloodstream infection (SABSI) arising from a urinary tract source (UTS) is poorly understood.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis in 3 major teaching hospitals in Spain of prospectively collected data of hospitalized patients with SABSI. SABSI-UTS was diagnosed in patients with urinary tract symptoms and/or signs, no evidence of an extra-urinary source of infection, and a urinary count of ≥10 cfu/mL.