Transfusion dependency at diagnosis and transfusion intensity during initial chemotherapy are associated with poorer outcomes in adult acute myeloid leukemia.

Blood transfusions can modify host immunity and clinical outcomes in hematological malignancies. One thousand sixty-seven patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were studied for their transfusion dependency at initial presentation and transfusion frequency during induction chemotherapy. Three hundred five patients (29 %) showed initial dependence to red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and 109 (10 %) to platelet transfusion.

Polymer brush covalently attached to OH-functionalized mica surface via surface-initiated ATRP: control of grafting density and polymer chain length.

The controlled grafting density of poly(tert-butyl acrylate) was studied on OH-activated mica substrates via surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). By properly adjusting parameters such as the immobilization reaction time and the concentration of an ATRP initiator, a wide range of initiator surface coverages and hence polymer densities on mica were possible. The covalently immobilized initiator successfully promoted the polymerization of tert-butyl acrylate on mica surfaces.