Potential Applications and Ethical Considerations for Artificial Intelligence in Traumatic Brain Injury Management.

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have emerged as promising tools for rapidly identifying patterns in large amounts of healthcare data to help guide clinical decision making, as well as to assist with medical education and the planning of research studies. Accumulating evidence suggests AI techniques may be particularly useful for aiding the diagnosis and clinical management of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-a considerably heterogeneous neurologic condition that can be challenging to detect and treat. However, important methodological and ethical concerns with the use of AI in medicine necessitate close monitoring and regulation of these techniques as advancements continue.

Biofluid, Imaging, Physiological, and Functional Biomarkers of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Subconcussive Head Impacts.

Post-concussive symptoms are frequently reported by individuals who sustain mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) and subconcussive head impacts, even when evidence of intracranial pathology is lacking. Current strategies used to evaluate head injuries, which primarily rely on self-report, have a limited ability to predict the incidence, severity, and duration of post-concussive symptoms that will develop in an individual patient. In addition, these self-report measures have little association with the underlying mechanisms of pathology that may contribute to persisting symptoms, impeding advancement in precision treatment for TBI.

A global comparative analysis of the the inclusion of priority setting in national COVID-19 pandemic plans: A reflection on the methods and the accessibility of the plans.

Background: Despite the swift governments' response to the COVID-19 pandemic, there remains a paucity of literature assessing the degree to which; priority setting (PS) was included in the pandemic plans and the pandemic plans were publicly accessible. This paper reflects on the methods employed in a global comparative analysis of the degree to which countries integrated PS into their COVID-19 pandemic plans based on Kapiriri & Martin's framework. We also assessed if the accessibility of the plans was related to the country's transparency index.

Formulated hydroxy fatty acids from fruit pomaces reduce apple scab development caused by through a dual mode of action.

The outermost hydrophobic layer of plants, i.e. the cuticle, is mainly composed of cutin, a polyester of hydroxy fatty acids with reported eliciting and/or antimicrobial activities for some of them.

Professional identity and representations of advanced practice nurses specialising in psychiatry and mental health: A national study.

Advanced practice nurses constitute a new professional group within the French health care system. Advanced practice nurses specialise in one of five disciplines including Psychiatry/Mental-Health. This specific discipline is strongly marked by stigmatising representations by healthcare users and other health professionals (including other advanced practice nurses), whose consequences have a deleterious effect.

Committee on Surgical Combat Casualty Care position statement: Neurosurgical capability for the optimal management of traumatic brain injury during deployed operations.

Background: Experiences over the last three decades of war have demonstrated a high incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting in a persistent need for a neurosurgical capability within the deployed theater of operations. Despite this, no doctrinal requirement for a deployed neurosurgical capability exists. Through an iterative process, the Joint Trauma System Committee on Surgical Combat Casualty Care (CoSCCC) developed a position statement to inform medical and nonmedical military leaders about the risks of the lack of a specialized neurosurgical capability.

Was priority setting included in the Canadian COVID-19 pandemic planning and preparedness? A comparative analysis of COVID-19 pandemic plans from eight provinces and three territories.

Background: Variation in priorities during pandemic planning among the federal, provincial and territorial jurisdictions are thought to have impacted Canada's ability to effectively control the spread of the COVID-19 virus, and protect the most vulnerable. The potential influence of diverse and divergent political, cultural, and behavioural factors, regarding inclusion of priority setting (PS) in pandemic preparedness planning across the country is not well understood. This study aimed to examine how the Canadian federal, provincial and territorial COVID-19 pandemic preparedness planning documents integrated PS.

Cuticle architecture and mechanical properties: a functional relationship delineated through correlated multimodal imaging.

Cuticles are multifunctional hydrophobic biocomposites that protect the aerial organs of plants. During plant development, plant cuticles must accommodate different mechanical constraints combining extensibility and stiffness, and the corresponding relationships with their architecture are unknown. Recent data showed a fine-tuning of cuticle architecture during fruit development, with several chemical clusters which raise the question of how they impact the mechanical properties of cuticles.

Finding a Needle in a Haystack: Producing Antimicrobial Cutin-Derived Oligomers from Tomato Pomace.

Agro-industrial residues comprise a rich diversity of plant polymers and bioactive compounds, constituting promising sources for the development of materials, including bioplastics, and food supplements, among other applications. In particular, the polyester cutin is abundant in fruit peel, a plentiful constituent of pomace agro-industrial residues. The potential of diverse fruit pomaces as a source for the development of cutin-derived materials/products has been extensively sought out.

The cutin polymer matrix undergoes a fine architectural tuning from early tomato fruit development to ripening.

The cuticle is a complex polymer matrix that protects all aerial organs of plants, fulfills multiple roles in plant-environment interactions, and is critical for plant development. These functions are associated with the structural features of cuticles, and the architectural modeling of cuticles during plant development is crucial for understanding their physical properties and biological functions. In this work, the in-depth architecture of the cutin polymer matrix during fruit development was investigated.

Assessing the expansion of the Cambrian Agronomic Revolution into fan-delta environments.

The intensity, extent, and ecosystem-level impact of bioturbation (i.e. Agronomic Revolution) at the dawn of the Phanerozoic is a hotly debated issue.

Critical structural elements for the antigenicity of wheat allergen LTP1 (Tri a 14) revealed by site-directed mutagenesis.

Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) were identified as allergens in a large variety of pollens and foods, including cereals. LTPs belong to the prolamin superfamily and display an α-helical fold, with a bundle of four α-helices held together by four disulfide bonds. Wheat LTP1 is involved in allergic reactions to food.

The SlSHN2 transcription factor contributes to cuticle formation and epidermal patterning in tomato fruit.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an established model for studying plant cuticle because of its thick cuticle covering and embedding the epidermal cells of the fruit. In this study, we screened an EMS mutant collection of the miniature tomato cultivar Micro-Tom for fruit cracking mutants and found a mutant displaying a glossy fruit phenotype. By using an established mapping-by-sequencing strategy, we identified the causal mutation in the SlSHN2 transcription factor that is specifically expressed in outer epidermis of growing fruit.

Index-leveling for forced-flow turbulent face-cooling of laser amplifiers.

Direct laser slab face-cooling by a fluid crossing the main and pump laser beams is an important method to reach high average laser powers. However, the flow regime is usually maintained at low Reynolds numbers to prevent the onset of turbulence features in the flow that would degrade the wavefront quality. We show here how bringing the fluid temperature to the thermo-optical null point, close to the water/ice transition in the case of water, allows one to mitigate the optical consequences of hydrodynamic instabilities, by bleaching optically the temperature inhomogeneities within the flow.

Military Traumatic Brain Injury: The History, Impact, and Future.

This review examines how lessons learned from United States military conflicts, beginning with the United States Civil War through the engagements in Iraq and Afghanistan, have shaped current traumatic brain injury (TBI) care in the United States military, influenced congressional mandates and directives, and led to best practices in caring for the warfighter. Prior to the most recent war, emphasis was placed on improving the surgical and medical care of service members (SM) with severe and especially penetrating brain injuries. However, during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts, also known as the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), blast injury from improvised explosive devices most often caused mild TBI (mTBI), an injury that was not always recognized and was labelled the "signature wound" of the GWOT.

Military TBI-What civilian primary care providers should know.

In June 2019, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) launched the VA Mission Act, which expanded veterans' health-care access to the private sector. Since civilian primary care providers may see more veterans in their practice, it will be important to understand the unique experiences, comorbidities, and culture of this population in order to provide optimal care. Military service members (SMs) are at an increased risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI), and comorbidities, such as post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), increasing the likelihood of prolonged symptoms.

The Complex Architecture of Plant Cuticles and Its Relation to Multiple Biological Functions.

Terrestrialization of vascular plants, i.e., Angiosperm, is associated with the development of cuticular barriers that prevent biotic and abiotic stresses and support plant growth and development.

Unraveling Cuticle Formation, Structure, and Properties by Using Tomato Genetic Diversity.

The tomato () fruit has a thick, astomatous cuticle that has become a model for the study of cuticle formation, structure, and properties in plants. Tomato is also a major horticultural crop and a long-standing model for research in genetics, fruit development, and disease resistance. As a result, a wealth of genetic resources and genomic tools have been established, including collections of natural and artificially induced genetic diversity, introgression lines of genome fragments from wild relatives, high-quality genome sequences, phenotype and gene expression databases, and efficient methods for genetic transformation and editing of target genes.

Exploiting the FM-to-AM conversion to generate high-contrast picosecond laser pulses.

In this work, we simulate and demonstrate experimentally a new approach to generate picosecond laser pulses. This technique is based on optoelectronic FM-to-AM conversion: a transient radiofrequency phase modulation is applied on a continuous-wave fiber laser otherwise blocked by a bandstop filter. By leveraging the ability of modern electronic amplifiers to generate high voltage swings values on a short timescale, the presented setup induces a large and brief excursion out of the filter, hence generating 18 ps pulses with a time contrast of 38 dB.

Atrial heat shock protein levels are associated with early postoperative and persistence of atrial fibrillation.

Background: Early detection and staging of atrial fibrillation (AF) is of importance for clinical management. Serum (bio)markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSP), may enable AF staging and identify patients at risk for AF recurrence and postoperative AF (PoAF).

Objective: This study evaluates the relation between serum and atrial tissue HSP levels, stages of AF, AF recurrence after treatment, and PoAF from patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery.