Small-scale fisheries in ecologically sensitive areas in Latin America and the Caribbean: Do marine protected areas benefit fisheries governance?

Many small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) operate in ecologically sensitive areas, where balancing conservation and resource use is challenging. 'Multiple-use' marine protected areas (MPAs) have been implemented to accommodate SSFs (among other uses) within areas designated for conservation, creating opportunities and challenges for SSF governance. We analyzed eleven case studies from LAC to explore: (1) how different MPA institutional designs affect key aspects of SSF governance and (2) the links between these effects and the type of initiative that promoted MPA establishment (origin).

Testicular Torsion as a Complication Following Preperitoneal Packing for Pelvic Fractures in a Motorcycle Accident: A Case Report.

This case report highlights a rare but significant complication of blunt trauma requiring preperitoneal packing and illustrates the intricate relationship between trauma surgery and urological emergencies. Testicular torsion is an acute urological emergency necessitating prompt surgical intervention to salvage testicular function. While commonly associated with intrinsic factors such as the "bell-clapper" deformity, extrinsic factors such as trauma and postoperative complications can also precipitate this condition.

Cross-habitat utilization of fish in a tropical deltaic system as a function of climate variability and body size: Are mangroves fish nurseries in a tropical delta?

The temporal variability of fish habitat utilization is poorly understood in tropical deltaic systems due to high water turbidity, which limits visual censuses, and to the lack of long-term data incorporating climate variability events. We aimed to assess the influence of body size and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability on the cross-habitat utilization rate of 14 fish species of commercial relevance in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM). We estimated the utilization of mangroves and coastal lagoons based on relative catch frequencies from encircling gillnets used within a long-term catch monitoring program, and then tested for significant changes in each species' habitat utilization as a function of body size and climate variability.

Ultramassive transfusion and adjunctive therapies in a case of blood bank depletion.

Background: We present the case of a patient who presents with a high velocity thoracoabdominal gunshot wound requiring ultramassive transfusion who exhausted the county blood bank requiring adjunctive therapies to balanced blood product transfusion while additional blood products could be obtained.

Summary: Thoracoabdominal gunshot wounds carry a high mortality of 14-37 % because of the risk to produce cardiopulmonary, solid organ as well as major vascular injuries (Mandal and Oparah (1989) [1]). Ultramassive transfusion (>20 units of blood product transfusion) also carries high morbidity and mortality and management has generally centered on balanced transfusion (Matthay et al.

Persistent pseudoaneurysm after non-operative management of a Grade 4 liver injury.

A hepatic pseudoaneurysm (HPA) after blunt or penetrating liver injury is an unusual but potentially lethal complication that can develop from an injured hepatic artery branch [1-5]. Endovascular intervention with coil embolization to treat HPA is a safe and effective method and has become the standard first-line treatment, with a success rate achieving 70-100 % [13,14,15]. Infrequently the pseudoaneurysm is fed by collateral vessels and endovascular intervention may be unsuccessful.

Sick from what? Trauma during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Background: We present the case of two brothers with identical mechanisms of injury presenting simultaneously, one with SARS-Cov-2 respiratory failure and the other in hemorrhagic shock.

Summary: Healthcare globally and in the United States met novel challenges during the unprecedented severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) health crisis. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on hospital and health care delivery systems has been widely reported.

Bioinspired antireflective flexible films with optimized mechanical resistance fabricated by roll to roll thermal nanoimprint.

This work describes the fabrication process of moth eye antireflective poly (methyl methacrylate) transparent films via roll to roll thermal nanoimprint lithography. The process parameters are investigated and adjusted in order to obtain from a single moth-eye structured mold, a range of antireflective topographies that gradually vary their geometry from protruding to intruding nanocones. A correlation between the process parameters with the optical and mechanical properties of the films is established to illustrate the influence of the processing parameters and serve as guideline to produce antireflective flexible films with balanced properties and optimized performance adequate to the application environment.

Revascularization of a Crushed Foot and Ankle Mortis.

Foot crush injury is a difficult problem both from the complexity of the injury pattern standpoint and also the significant clinical and socioeconomic burden that it represents to the patient. Scoring systems exist to predict limb salvage, but the accuracy and implementation of these are varied, and thus clinical judgment must always be employed when attempting limb salvage. This case report describes the first use of a reversed saphenous interposition graft repair of a transected dorsalis pedis in a patient after sustaining crush injuries to the distal lower extremity.

Vascular Shunt for Small Vessel Trauma in a Polytrauma Patient.

A 15-year-old male patient presented with multiple gunshot injuries. The patient underwent emergency lifesaving exploratory laparotomy and subsequently needed repair of his left upper limb ulnar artery injury. A shunt helped restore blood flow to the hand in a setting of damage control surgery in an exsanguinating patient with an ulnar artery injury having a massive disruption.

Outcomes after retroflexed gracilis muscle flap for vascular infections in the groin.

Objective: Multiple catheterizations and procedures on the femoral arteries can increase the risk of infection and eventual destruction of the overlying skin and subcutaneous tissue. Without adequate tissue coverage, vascular structures are exposed and, thus, vulnerable to disruption. This can lead to loss of limb and/or life and carries a significant mortality.

Meningoceles in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Objective: MRI abnormalities have been described in patients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP), including in those with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Spontaneous CSF-filled outpouchings of the dura (meningoceles) and secondary CSF leaks can occur from elevated ICP in patients with IIH; however, few studies have evaluated these findings. Our objective was to evaluate the frequency of spontaneous intracranial meningoceles among IIH patients and determine their association with visual outcome.

Association of tobacco and alcohol use with earlier development of colorectal pathology: should screening guidelines be modified to include these risk factors?

Background: Current guidelines for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommend initial screening at 50 years of age for normal-risk patients. Alcohol and tobacco use can be associated with an earlier onset of CRC and possibly polyps.

Methods: We reviewed all colonoscopies performed at our institution from January to December 2007.