Third stage of labor: evidence-based practice for prevention of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

The third stage of labor is defined as the time period between delivery of the fetus through delivery of the placenta. During a normal third stage, uterine contractions lead to separation and expulsion of the placenta from the uterus. Postpartum hemorrhage is a relatively common complication of the third stage of labor.

Overview of modern contraception.

The large-scale initiatives to address the global unmet needs for family planning (FP) have gathered and compelled scientists, providers, program managers, and other stakeholders (including users) to re-examine the various methods of modern contraception, focusing on those that are proven to be more effective (long-acting reversible contraceptives and permanent methods), historically more widely used (oral contraceptives, condoms), and in development (male hormonal contraception). Implementing FP programs requires an understanding of the human rights principles underpinning the delivery of contraceptive services, the various indicators related to demand, need, and use (demand satisfied, unmet need, and contraceptive prevalence), and its effectiveness (perfect or correct use and typical use), which will be presented in this article. Tools and guidance documents developed using the best available evidence have also been listed in this review article.

Assessment of country policies affecting reproductive health for adolescents in the Philippines.

Background: Adolescents in the Philippines face many legal, social and political barriers to access sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, putting them at higher risk of unplanned pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted infections and HIV, and other health and development problems.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate whether current normative documents on SRH in the Philippines are in concurrence with adolescents' human rights principles using the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidance and Recommendations on ensuring human rights in the provision of contraceptive information and services.

Methods: The review focused on policies and normative guidance documents which included the national reproductive health law, its implementing rules and regulations, and the Supreme Court decisions on the law, and documents cited in the government's Adolescent and Youth Health Programme.

Efficacy and Safety of an Injectable Combination Hormonal Contraceptive for Men.

Context: The development of a safe and effective reversible method of male contraception is still an unmet need.

Objective: Evaluation of suppression of spermatogenesis and contraceptive protection by coadministered im injections of progestogen and testosterone.

Design: Prospective multicentre study.

Effect of BMI and body weight on pregnancy rates with LNG as emergency contraception: analysis of four WHO HRP studies.

Objective: To estimate the effect of increased body weight and body mass index (BMI) on pregnancy rates with levonorgestrel (LNG) 1.5mg used as emergency contraception (EC).

Methods: The study reviewed data from 6873 women in four WHO-HRP randomized trials on EC conducted between 1993 and 2010.

Moving towards the goals of FP2020 - classifying contraceptives.

With the renewed focus on family planning, a clear and transparent understanding is needed for the consistent classification of contraceptives, especially in the commonly used modern/traditional system. The World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) therefore convened a technical consultation in January 2015 to address issues related to classifying contraceptives. The consultation defined modern contraceptive methods as having a sound basis in reproductive biology, a precise protocol for correct use and evidence of efficacy under various conditions based on appropriately designed studies.