Vestibular Stimulation for ADHD: randomized controlled trial of Comprehensive Motion Apparatus.

Objective: This research evaluates effects of vestibular stimulation by Comprehensive Motion Apparatus (CMA) in ADHD.

Method: Children ages 6 to 12 (48 boys, 5 girls) with ADHD were randomized to thrice-weekly 30-min treatments for 12 weeks with CMA, stimulating otoliths and semicircular canals, or a single-blind control of equal duration and intensity, each treatment followed by a 20-min typing tutorial.

Results: In intent-to-treat analysis (n = 50), primary outcome improved significantly in both groups (p = .

Cognitive function and behavior of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy suspected of having obstructive sleep-disordered breathing.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether risks of impaired cognitive function could be predicted for children or groups of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy who were suspected of having obstructive sleep-disordered breathing, from historical and polysomnographic variables used separately or in combination.

Methods: We studied 114 consecutive 6- to 12-year-old children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, who were referred because of suspected obstructive sleep-disordered breathing, with questionnaires, assessment of tonsil size, general and memory cognitive tests, and attended polysomnography with the use of nasal pressure recording to detect flow.

Results: There were important significant relationships between snore group (snored every night versus less often), sleep efficiency, and race and 2 of 3 general cognitive tests (vocabulary and similarities).

Statistical selection of maintenance genes for normalization of gene expressions.

Maintenance genes can be used for normalization in the comparison of gene expressions. Even though the absolute expression levels of maintenance genes may vary considerably among different tissues or cells, a set of maintenance genes may provide suitable normalization if their expression levels are relatively constant in the specific tissues or cells of interest. A statistical procedure is proposed to select maintenance genes for normalization of gene expression data from tissues or cells of interest.