Skull fractures by glass bottles tested on cadaveric heads.

Head trauma is frequently related to the misuse of drinking vessels as weapons. Forensic reports usually evaluate these blunt injuries as having occurred in scenarios where the alcohol intake is high. Fatal consequences are seen in blows with glass bottles aiming at the head.

Effects of occipital-atlas stabilization on the upper cervical spine rotation combinations: an in vitro study.

The purpose of this study is to compare axial rotation range of motion for the upper cervical spine during three movements: axial rotation, rotation + flexion + ipsilateral lateral bending and rotation + extension + contralateral lateral bending before and after occiput-atlas (C0-C1) stabilization. Ten cryopreserved C0-C2 specimens (mean age 74 years, range 63-85 years) were manually mobilized in 1. axial rotation, 2.

Assessment of in situ chest deflection of post mortem human subjects (PMHS) and personalized human body models (HBM) in nearside oblique impacts.

Objective: The present study has three objectives: First, to analyze the chest deflection measured in nearside oblique tests performed with three post mortem human subjects (PMHS). Second, to assess the capability of a HBM to predict the chest deflection sustained by the PMHS. Third to evaluate the influence on chest deflection prediction of subject-specific HBM.

In vitro upper cervical spine kinematics: Rotation with combined movements and its variation after alar ligament transection.

Previous studies indicate that maximum upper cervical axial rotation occurs only through a combination of transverse, frontal, and sagittal plane motions. This study explores the relationship between transection of the alar ligament and combined upper cervical axial rotation movements. Ten cryopreserved upper cervical spines were manually mobilized in bilateral axial rotation and two different motion combinations with simultaneous motion in the three anatomical planes: rotation in extension (extension + axial rotation + contralateral lateral bending) and rotation in flexion (flexion + axial rotation + ipsilateral lateral bending).

Intersegmental Kinematics of the Upper Cervical Spine: Normal Range of Motion and Its Alteration After Alar Ligament Transection.

Study Design: Biomechanical study using cadaveric cervical spines.

Objective: To evaluate joint mobility and stiffness at the craniovertebral junction.

Summary Of Background Data: Data on the intersegmental kinematics of the craniovertebral joints are available in the literature with a widespread range of values.

Effects of occipital-atlas stabilization in the upper cervical spine kinematics: an in vitro study.

This study compares upper cervical spine range of motion (ROM) in the three cardinal planes before and after occiput-atlas (C0-C1) stabilization. After the dissection of the superficial structures to the alar ligament and the fixation of C2, ten cryopreserved upper cervical columns were manually mobilized in the three cardinal planes of movement without and with a screw stabilization of C0-C1. Upper cervical ROM and mobilization force were measured using the Vicon motion capture system and a load cell respectively.

The effect of alar ligament transection on the rotation stress test: A cadaveric study.

Background: The rotation stress test is a pre-manipulative screening test used to examine upper cervical instability. This in vitro study simulates the clinical application of the rotation stress test before and after alar ligament transection.

Methods: After the dissection of the superficial structures to the alar ligament and the fixation of C2, ten cryopreserved upper cervical columns were manually mobilized in right and left rotation without and with right alar ligament transection.

Effect of alar ligament transection in side-bending stress test: A cadaveric study.

Background: The side-bending stress test is a pre-manipulative screening test for assessing upper cervical instability. To our knowledge, there is no study that simulates the clinical application of side bending stress test before and after alar ligament transection with fixation of C2.

Objective: To simulate the effect of alar ligament transection in the side bending stress test for an in vitro validation.