Newly developed mini-endoscope for diagnosis and follow-up of orthotopic bladder transitional-cell carcinoma in vivo.

Background And Purpose: Orthotopic models of bladder transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) are indispensable to the development of new intravesical agents for the treatment of non-muscle-invasive disease. Visual inspection of induced tumors and normal urothelium is of crucial interest when evaluating growth patterns and the potential effects of instillation therapies. The aim of our study was to test the practicability of a newly developed mini-endoscope in terms of the benefit and reproducibility of repeated diagnostic cystoscopy in a rat model, thus mimicking standard procedures in patients.

Intravesical mitomycin C for superficial transitional cell carcinoma.

Intravesical instillation of mitomycin C after a transurethral resection of a bladder tumor constitutes a standard treatment modality in the management of superficial transitional cell carcinoma in the urinary bladder. An immediate instillation of mitomycin C after transurethral resection has been shown to reduce the recurrence rate of superficial transitional cell carcinoma. Intravesical mitomycin C is generally considered to be a safe treatment option, but the past few years have seen the publication of a number of case reports on severe complications following mitomycin C instillation.

[Testosterone substitution in patients with hypogonadism].

Objective: After the age of 60, 20-35% of men present with androgen deficiency. Clinical symptoms of hypogonadism in older men are often more difficult to interpret than in younger men. Knowledge of physiological actions of testosterone and its metabolites are important prerequisites for diagnosis, drug selection and surveillance of therapy.

[Methylene blue: an effective therapeutic alternative for priapism induced by intracavernous injection of vasoactive agents].

Objective: Priapism is defined as prolonged and persistent erection of the penis without sexual stimulation. Etiologies of this condition are numerous. Recent advances in the understanding of erectile physiology have improved the prompt diagnosis and treatment of priapism.

[Frequency and cause of death in patients with testicular germinal tumors at our center: retrospective analysis].

Objective: The introduction of cisplatin in testis cancer therapy significantly reduced the mortality rate. However, data from previous studies indicate that mortality is higher than expected. The aim of our retrospective study in a single center was to evaluate the mortality rate of testicular germ cell tumors.