Hyperthermophile diversity microbes in the Calientes geothermal field, Tacna, Peru.

Hyperthermophile microorganisms have been discovered worldwide, and several studies regarding biodiversity and the potential biotechnological applications have been reported. In this work, we describe for the first time the diversity of hyperthermophile communities in the Calientes Geothermal Field (CGF) located 4400 m above sea level in Tacna Region, Perú. Three hot springs were monitored and showed a temperature around 84 to 88 °C, for the microbiome analyzed was taken by sampling of sediment and water (pH 7.

Use of Onion Waste as Fuel for the Generation of Bioelectricity.

The enormous environmental problems that arise from organic waste have increased due to the significant population increase worldwide. Microbial fuel cells provide a novel solution for the use of waste as fuel for electricity generation. In this investigation, onion waste was used, and managed to generate maximum peaks of 4.

Effect of CO Concentration on Uptake and Assimilation of Inorganic Carbon in the Extreme Acidophile .

This study was motivated by surprising gaps in the current knowledge of microbial inorganic carbon (Ci) uptake and assimilation at acidic pH values (pH < 3). Particularly striking is the limited understanding of the differences between Ci uptake mechanisms in acidic versus circumneutral environments where the Ci predominantly occurs either as a dissolved gas (CO) or as bicarbonate (HCO ), respectively. In order to gain initial traction on the problem, the relative abundance of transcripts encoding proteins involved in Ci uptake and assimilation was studied in the autotrophic, polyextreme acidophile whose optimum pH for growth is 2.

Expression and activity of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle transcriptional regulator CbbR from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in Ralstonia eutropha.

Autotrophic fixation of carbon dioxide into cellular carbon occurs via several pathways but quantitatively, the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle is the most important. CbbR regulates the expression of the cbb genes involved in CO2 fixation via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle in a number of autotrophic bacteria. A gene potentially encoding CbbR (cbbR(AF)) has been predicted in the genome of the chemolithoautotrophic, extreme acidophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.

Anaerobic sulfur metabolism coupled to dissimilatory iron reduction in the extremophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.

Gene transcription (microarrays) and protein levels (proteomics) were compared in cultures of the acidophilic chemolithotroph Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans grown on elemental sulfur as the electron donor under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, using either molecular oxygen or ferric iron as the electron acceptor, respectively. No evidence supporting the role of either tetrathionate hydrolase or arsenic reductase in mediating the transfer of electrons to ferric iron (as suggested by previous studies) was obtained. In addition, no novel ferric iron reductase was identified.

Genes and pathways for CO2 fixation in the obligate, chemolithoautotrophic acidophile, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, carbon fixation in A. ferrooxidans.

Background: Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is chemolithoautotrophic γ-proteobacterium that thrives at extremely low pH (pH 1-2). Although a substantial amount of information is available regarding CO2 uptake and fixation in a variety of facultative autotrophs, less is known about the processes in obligate autotrophs, especially those living in extremely acidic conditions, prompting the present study.

Results: Four gene clusters (termed cbb1-4) in the A.

Characterization of the most prevalent colonization factor antigens present in Chilean clinical enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains using a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

Current methods to detect the colonization factor antigens (CFAs) associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are cumbersome, with some methods requiring antibodies that are not readily available. To achieve a gene-based method, we designed 2 multiplex polymerase chain reaction reactions to detect genes encoding the most common ETEC fimbrial colonization factors, including CFA/I and coli surface (CS) antigens CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5, and CS6. Analysis of 183 clinical ETEC strains shows that the most prevalent colonization factors were CFA/I only, CS1 and CS3, CS2 and CS3, and CS6 only.

HPLC-fluorescence detection and adsorption of bisphenol A, 17beta-estradiol, and 17alpha-ethynyl estradiol on powdered activated carbon.

The adsorption of three estrogenic compounds (bisphenol A (BPA), 17beta-estradiol (E2), and 17alpha-ethynyl estradiol (EE2)) on several powdered activated carbons (PAC) was investigated. Without preconcentration, method detection limits (MDL) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection at an excitation wavelength of 280 nm and an emission wavelength of 310 nm were 0.88, 1.