Socio-demographic Determinants of Filipino Consumers Reading Food Product Labels and Nutrition Facts: Findings from the 2018-2019 ENNS.

Objectives: While food product labelling is deemed important in providing consumer information, little is known about the characteristics of those reading and not reading. This study aimed to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of Filipino adult consumers reading and not reading food product labels and nutrition facts to provide insights on their understanding and usage of food labels that may help in designing better label formats of packaged foods and related health education campaigns.

Methods: Cross-sectional design using secondary data from the Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS) 2018-2019 was employed.

Comparison of cardiovascular disease risk factors among FiLWHEL (2014-2016), NNS (2013) and KNHANES (2013-2015) women.

Objectives: This study assessed the CVD risk factors among Filipino women (FW) in Korea and compared them with FW in the Philippines and women in Korea (KW).

Methods: A cohort of 504 women from the Filipino Women's Health and Diet Study (FiLWHEL) aged 20-57 years old were age-matched (1:1 ratio) with women from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey in the Philippines and the 2013-2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Anthropometric data, blood pressure (BP), lipid and glucose levels were compared across the four populations by calculating the odds ratio (OR)s and 95% confidence interval (CI)s using conditional logistic regression models.

Comparing two simplified questionnaire-based methods with 24-h recalls for estimating fortifiable wheat flour and oil consumption in Mandaluyong City, Philippines.

Information on fortifiable food consumption is essential to design, monitor and evaluate fortification programmes, yet detailed methods like 24-h recalls (24HRs) that provide such data are rarely conducted. Simplified questionnaire-based methods exist but their validity compared with 24HRs has not been shown. We compared two simplified methods (i.

Filipino Children with High Usual Vitamin A Intakes and Exposure to Multiple Sources of Vitamin A Have Elevated Total Body Stores of Vitamin A But Do Not Show Clear Evidence of Vitamin A Toxicity.

Background: Young children exposed to high-dose vitamin A supplements (VAS) and vitamin A (VA)-fortified foods may be at risk of high VA intake and high VA total body stores (TBS).

Objectives: TBS and estimated liver VA concentration were compared among children with adequate or high VA intake and different timing of exposure to VAS, and associations between estimated liver VA concentrations and biomarkers of VA toxicity were examined.

Methods: Children 12-18 mo of age ( = 123) were selected for 3 groups: ) retinol intake >600 µg/d and VAS within the past mo, ) retinol intake >600 µg/d and VAS in the past 3-6 mo, and ) VA intake 200-500 µg retinol activity equivalents (RAE)/d and VAS in the past 3-6 mo.

Do school-based nutrition interventions improve the eating behavior of school-age children?

Background/objectives: Filipino children aged 6-10 yrs are consuming poor quantities and quality of food based on the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey. During these years healthy eating habits must be formed through family influence. Within this background, a complete package of nutrition intervention-feeding and nutrition classes, was pilot tested in selected schools to determine 1) changes in nutrition attitude and behavior and 2) food intake of schoolchildren after the intervention.

Virgin coconut oil is effective in lowering C-reactive protein levels among suspect and probable cases of COVID-19.

Understanding the complex pathogenesis of COVID-19 continues to evolve. With observation and quarantine as the prevailing standard of care, this study evaluated the effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in the biochemical markers of suspect and probable cases of COVID-19. A 28-day randomized, double-blind, controlled intervention was conducted among 63 adults in two isolation facilities in Santa Rosa City, Laguna, Philippines.

Determination of Vitamin A Total Body Stores in Children from Dried Serum Spots: Application in a Low- and Middle-Income Country Community Setting.

Background: The retinol isotope dilution (RID) method has been used to evaluate vitamin A (VA) status in healthy adults and children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and to assess the efficacy of various VA interventions.

Objective: The study was designed to examine whether dried serum spots (DSS) can be applied to RID when conducting VA total body store (TBS) assessments in community settings.

Methods: Four days after an oral dose of 0.

The Nutritional Impact of Milk Beverages in Reducing Nutrient Inadequacy among Children Aged One to Five Years in the Philippines: A Dietary Modelling Study.

Around half of Filipino children are not consuming any dairy products on a given day, which has shown to be associated with increased risk of inadequate nutrient intakes. The current study applies dietary modelling to assess the nutritional impact of meeting dairy recommendations in reducing nutrient inadequacy in children aged one to five years in the Philippines. Dietary intake data of Filipino children aged one to five years ( = 3864) were analyzed from the 8th National Nutrition Survey 2013.

Complementary feeding patterns of Filipino infants and toddlers lack diversity, especially among children from poor households.

Background: Consumption of nutritionally adequate complementary foods is essential for optimal growth and development of infants and toddlers, including those in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe the food and beverage consumption patterns among 6-23.9 month old Filipino infants and toddlers, by household wealth.

Assessing school-lunch feeding and nutrition education strategy for healthier kids in selected Philippine public schools.

Background: Nutrition interventions during the early years of a child's life are anchored on the need to provide good nutrition and proper health care to optimize their growth potential as adults. In the Philippines, undernutrition is a persistent problem among 0-10 year old Filipino children. In this age group, children consume a diet poor in quantity and quality.

Process Evaluation of Nutrition Intervention Strategy in a Local Philippine Setting.

Undernutrition among 0 to 5 years old children remains a public health problem in the Philippines. This process evaluation study documented and examined the implementation of an intervention strategy for young children. Complementary feeding of 6-month to 2-year-old children was implemented for 120 days by the municipalities of Plaridel and Pulilan in Bulacan, Philippines utilizing local-based food made of rice and mung bean along with nutrition education classes among mothers/caregivers using the developed nutrition modules.

Contribution of Milk Beverages to Nutrient Adequacy of Young Children and Preschool Children in the Philippines.

Malnutrition is a major public health concern in the Philippines. Milk and dairy products are important sources of energy, protein, and micronutrients for normal growth and development in children. This study aims to assess the contribution of different types of milk to nutrient intakes and nutrient adequacy among young and preschool children in the Philippines.

The Impact of Wealth Status on Food Intake Patterns in Filipino School-Aged Children and Adolescents.

Socio-economic status (SES) has an impact on food consumption in developing countries. However, the impact of SES on dietary patterns in Filipino school-aged children is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to fill this knowledge gap, using data from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey.

Philippines Case Study: Government Policies on Nutrition Education.

Government policies at the national and local levels are central to the promotion, protection, and implementation of sound food and nutrition concepts in the Philippines. According to the 2015 national nutrition survey, persistent malnutrition problems, such as protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies (anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and iodine-deficiency disorders), continue to afflict a major proportion of Filipinos. In the Philippines, nutrition education and promotion date back as early as 1900 with the conduct of educational campaigns directed towards the prevention and control of epidemic diseases and to the care and feeding of young infants.

Food sources, energy and nutrient intakes of adults: 2013 Philippines National Nutrition Survey.

Background: Comprehensive assessment of dietary intakes of foods and nutrients in Filipino adults are lacking. This study evaluated energy and nutrient intakes and food sources of key nutrients consumed by Filipino adults.

Methods: The participants were from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey wherein food intake of young adults aged 19-49 years (n = 12,896) and older adults aged 50 years and above (n = 7853) were collected using 24-h recalls.

Diet Diversity and Micronutrient Adequacy among Filipino School-Age Children.

Previous studies have shown that the dietary diversity of young Filipino children to be limited and that the prevalence of nutrient inadequacies is high. This study extends the current knowledge to examine the relationship between diet diversity and the probability of adequacy of micronutrients among Filipino schoolchildren (aged 6 to 12 years), by the wealth status and dwelling location. The dietary intake data were collected using a single 24-h recall from 6460 children in the Filipino National Nutrition Survey 2013.

Integrated school based nutrition programme improved the knowledge of mother and schoolchildren.

This study evaluates the effects of nutrition education on improving knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of mothers and the improvement of the nutritional status of their children. A cluster randomized controlled design using multistage sampling was employed. The integrated school-based nutrition programme included gardening, nutrition education for parents, and supplementary feeding for children (GarNESup).

Inadequate nutrient intakes in Filipino schoolchildren and adolescents are common among those from rural areas and poor families.

Background: Adequate nutrition during childhood and adolescence is essential to promote growth and development.

Objective: This study evaluated usual energy and nutrient intakes of Filipino schoolchildren and adolescents.

Design: Food and beverage intakes were collected from a nationally representative sample of schoolchildren aged 6-9 and 10-12 years ( = 3,594 and = 2,971, respectively) and adolescents aged 13-18 years ( = 5,447) using 24-h dietary recalls.

Usual Energy and Nutrient Intakes and Food Sources of Filipino Children Aged 6-12 Years from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey.

Usual energy and nutrient intakes and food sources were evaluated in school-aged children in the Philippines using data from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey. A total of 6,565 children 6-12 years old from all sampled 8,592 households were interviewed for a 24-h dietary recall (first day). A second-day recall was obtained from a random subsample (50% of children).

Modelling the impact of a tax on sweetened beverages in the Philippines: an extended cost-effectiveness analysis.

Objective: To assess the potential impact of a new tax on sweetened beverages on premature deaths associated with noncommunicable diseases in the Philippines.

Methods: In January 2018, the Philippines began imposing a tax of 6 Philippine pesos per litre (around 13%) on sweetened beverages to curb the obesity burden. Using national data sources, we conducted an extended cost-effectiveness analysis to estimate the effect of the tax on the numbers of premature deaths averted attributed to type 2 diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease and stroke, across income quintiles over the period 2018-2037.

Nutrient Intakes and Food Sources of Filipino Infants, Toddlers and Young Children are Inadequate: Findings from the National Nutrition Survey 2013.

Comprehensive assessment of nutrient intakes and food sources of nutrients in Filipino children under 5 years old are lacking. We studied energy and nutrient intakes and food sources in 4218 children aged 6⁻59.9 months using two 24-h dietary recalls.

Current state of iodine nutrition in Filipino school-aged children.

Objectives: Globally, although progress in eliminating iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) has been reported, IDD is still considered to be a global health problem. As school-aged children are the most accessible population group, their urinary iodine (UI) concentration data are accepted and used as an indicator of IDD for the general population. The aim of this study was to reassess the national, regional, and provincial estimates of UI as a measure of IDD among Filipino school-aged children.

Thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies among anemic individuals in Metro Manila, Philippines and their intake of iron supplements.

Background And Objectives: Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia worldwide. In Southeast Asia, studies showed that genetic hemoglobin disorders also contribute significantly to the burden of anemia. The study aimed to estimate the proportion of thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies versus iron deficiency and other causes in a sample of anemic individuals; describe the characteristics of thalassemic subjects in terms of severity of anemia, adequacy of iron stores, and hematological profile; examine the intake of iron supplements among individuals with varying causes of anemia.

Nutritional status of children ages 0-5 and 5-10 years old in households headed by fisherfolks in the Philippines.

Background: The study aimed to analyze the nutritional status of Filipino children ages 0-60 months (0-5.0 years old) and 61-120 months (5.08-10.