Artificial Intelligence-Based Hyper Accuracy Three-Dimensional (HA3D) Models in Surgical Planning of Challenging Robotic Nephron-Sparing Surgery: A Case Report and Snapshot of the State-of-the-Art with Possible Future Implications.

Recently, 3D models (3DM) gained popularity in urology, especially in nephron-sparing interventions (NSI). Up to now, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques alone does not allow us to obtain a 3DM adequate to plan a robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). Integration of AI with computer vision algorithms seems promising as it allows to speed up the process.