Evaluating serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 as markers in prostate cancer diagnosis.

Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) lacks specificity and sensitivity in discriminating prostate cancer (PCa) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) when the total PSA (tPSA) level is between 4 and 10 ng/mL. It remains to be investigated if additional tumor-associated molecules may improve the PCa diagnostic accuracy. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and their combinations with PSA may enhance the diagnosis of PCa.

Bicalutamide monotherapy versus flutamide plus goserelin in prostate cancer: updated results of a multicentric trial.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of bicalutamide monotherapy to maximal androgen blockade in advanced prostatic cancer.

Patients And Methods: Previously untreated patients with histologically proven stage C or D (American Urological Association Staging System) disease were randomly allocated to either bicalutamide (B) or goserelin plus flutamide (G+F). After disease progression, patients treated with B were assigned to castration.