Simulation and Thermodynamic Evaluation of Woody Biomass Waste Torrefaction.

Torrefaction is a thermochemical pretreatment that enhances biomass properties, improving energy density, decomposition resistance, and hydrophobicity, making it a viable alternative as biofuel. This study performed a thermodynamic assessment of the torrefaction process for urban forest waste, integrating experimental data with two-step reaction kinetic modeling to evaluate the torrefaction product yields and properties using Aspen Plus software. The process was modeled with a yield reactor, employing the Peng-Robinson equation to describe vapor-phase behavior and empirical correlations to predict solid-phase properties.