Residues in the fructose-binding pocket are required for ketohexokinase-A activity.

Excessive fructose consumption is a primary contributor to the global surges in obesity, cancer, and metabolic syndrome. Fructolysis is not robustly regulated and is initiated by ketohexokinase (KHK). In this study, we determined the crystal structure of KHK-A, one of two human isozymes of KHK, in the apo-state at 1.

Indications for the removal of implants after fracture healing: A comparison between human and veterinary medicine.

Indications for implant removal after fracture healing are still under debate in both human and veterinary medicine. Although hardware removal is a common procedure, it should not be undertaken lightly. Intra and post-operative complications are common and a thorough evaluation of the risks and benefits should be performed.

Evaluating the impact of modeling the family effect for clonal selection in potato-breeding programs.

Because of its wide distribution, high yield potential, and short cycle, the potato has become essential for global food security. However, the complexity of tetrasomic inheritance, the high level of heterozygosity of the parents, the low multiplication rate of tubers, and the genotype-by-environment interactions impose severe challenges on tetraploid potato-breeding programs. The initial stages of selection take place in experiments with low selection accuracy for many of the quantitative traits of interest, for example, tuber yield.

Genomic prediction for complex traits across multiples harvests in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is enhanced by enviromics.

Breeding for dry matter yield and persistence in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) can take several years as these traits must be evaluated under multiple harvests. Therefore, genotype-by-harvest interaction should be incorporated into genomic prediction models to explore genotypes' adaptability and stability.

Childhood individual and family modifiable risk factors for criminal conviction: a 7-year cohort study from Brazil.

Crime is a major public problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and its preventive measures could have great social impact. The extent to which multiple modifiable risk factors among children and families influence juvenile criminal conviction in an LMIC remains unexplored; however, it is necessary to identify prevention targets. This study examined the association between 22 modifiable individual and family exposures assessed in childhood (5-14 years, n = 2511) and criminal conviction at a 7-year follow-up (13-21 years, n = 1905, 76% retention rate) in a cohort of young people in Brazil.

Patellar luxation and concomitant cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs - A review.

A patellar luxation and concomitant cranial cruciate ligament rupture is a common pathology in dogs. Diagnosis is based on clinical evidence of a patellar luxation and stifle joint instability. However, diagnostic imaging is required to assess the number of skeletal deformities and signs of instability.

Phenomics-Assisted Selection for Herbage Accumulation in Alfalfa ( L.).

The application of remote sensing in plant breeding is becoming a routine method for fast and non-destructive high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with sensors. Alfalfa ( L.) is a perennial forage legume grown in more than 30 million hectares worldwide.

Childhood poverty and mental health disorders in early adulthood: evidence from a Brazilian cohort study.

Background: We examined the association between childhood poverty and mental health disorders (MHD) in childhood and early adulthood. We also investigated whether the association between poverty in childhood and MHD is mediated by exposure to stressful life events (SLE).

Methods: We used data from a prospective community cohort of young people assessed at baseline (M = 9.

Genomic prediction in family bulks using different traits and cross-validations in pine.

Genomic prediction integrates statistical, genomic, and computational tools to improve the estimation of breeding values and increase genetic gain. Due to the broad diversity in mating systems, breeding schemes, propagation methods, and unit of selection, no universal genomic prediction approach can be applied in all crops. In a genome-wide family prediction (GWFP) approach, the family is the basic unit of selection.

Gamma-Band Frequency Analysis and Motor Development in Music-Trained Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The aim of this study was to analyze the gamma-band frequency and motor performance of children with and without music training. This cross-sectional study included 31 right-handed children, 6-11 years old, who were allocated to two groups: 1) the music group (MG), including children who attended preschool and musical training (n = 16), and 2) the no-music group (NMG), including children who attended preschool but received no additional music training (n = 15). The outcomes were gamma-band frequency measured by electroencephalography, manual dexterity, aim-and-catch, and static and dynamic balance abilities measured by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, and fine motor skills, overall motor skills, balance, corporal body scheme, spatial organization, temporal orientation, and general motor quotient (GMQ) by a Brazilian scale for motor development.

Evaluation of Ongoing Participation of People with Schizophrenia in a Mutual Support Group as a Complementary Intervention to Outpatient Psychiatric Treatment.

This study aims to evaluate a group of people with schizophrenia undergoing outpatient treatment and who participate in a mutual support intervention, compared to another group of people with the same diagnosis, but attending only the usual outpatient treatment. This is a prospective study, with two measurements between six months. The mutual support group was initially composed of 16 people and the treatment as usual group was composed of 15 people.

Autonomous vehicles opportunities for cities air quality.

The impacts of autonomous vehicles (AV) on safety, energy and atmospheric emissions have been recognised to be important issues, but an air quality impact assessment is missing. In this study, by using a numerical modelling approach, the impact of AV on the air quality of a medium-sized Portuguese urban area was evaluated. For that, the air pollutants nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO) were considered and three scenarios were developed: i) a baseline scenario; ii) an autonomous scenario, assuming an AV market penetration rate of 30%; and iii) an electric autonomous scenario, taking into account that those 30% of AV are pure battery electric cars.

Community-Engaged Research as an Approach to Expedite Advances in HIV Prevention, Care, and Treatment: A Call to Action.

Throughout the world, we continue to face profound challenges to reducing the impact of the HIV epidemic. Community-engaged research has emerged as an approach to increase our understanding of HIV and reduce health disparities, increase health equity, and promote community and population health. Our partnership has conducted more than 25 community-engaged research studies in the U.

Need for information in a representative sample of outpatients with schizophrenia disorders.

Background: Providing adequate information and involving patients in treatment have become an essential component of mental health care. Despite this, research regarding the extent to which this need has been met in clinical services is still scarce.

Aims: To investigate the need for information about psychiatric condition and treatment among outpatients with schizophrenia disorders and how this need is associated with service use, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Income inequality and mental illness-related morbidity and resilience: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Studies of the association between income inequality and mental health have shown mixed results, probably due to methodological heterogeneity. By dealing with such heterogeneity through a systematic review and meta-analysis, we examine the association between income inequality, mental health problems, use of mental health services, and resilience (defined as the ability to cope with adversity).

Methods: We searched the Global Health, PsychARTICLES, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice, Embase and MEDLINE databases up to July 6, 2016, for quantitative studies of the association of income inequality with prevalence or incidence of mental disorders or mental health problems, use of mental health services, and resilience.

Increasing Awareness and Acceptance Through Mindfulness and Somatic Education Movements.

Context • The main feature of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) is the encouragement of present moment awareness and of self-regulation, which are associated with health benefits. Meditating with the body in movement has been referred to as one of the most accessible ways of reaching such awareness. An MBI program, Mindfulness and Movements of Integration (MMI), has the same structure as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) but puts more emphasis on the body and uses somatic education (SE) movements instead of yoga postures.

[Perspectives to improve the sexual health of sexual and gender identity minorities in Guatemala].

Sexual and gender identity minorities in Guatemala are disproportionally affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). However, little is known about the health determinants among these minorities that contribute to infection risk. Health researchers from the United States and Guatemala sought to explore sexual health needs and identify characteristics of HIV/STI prevention programs for these minorities.

Subjective distress in a representative sample of outpatients with psychotic disorders.

Background: The affective burden of psychotic disorder has been increasingly recognised. However, subjective reports of distress and its covariates, especially those related to service use, remain under-investigated in patients with psychosis.

Methods: This study investigated subjective distress and its covariates in a representative sample of 401 outpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of psychotic disorders in Brazil.

Novel approaches to HIV prevention and sexual health promotion among Guatemalan gay and bisexual men, MSM, and transgender persons.

The burden of HIV is disproportionate for Guatemalan sexual minorities (e.g., gay and bisexual men, men who have sex with men [MSM], and transgender persons).

The ecology of sexual health of sexual minorities in Guatemala City.

Guatemalan gay and bisexual men, men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender persons carry disproportionate burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections compared with other Guatemalan subgroups. However, little is known about the determinants of sexual health to inform health promotion and disease prevention interventions among these sexual minorities. We sought to explore sexual health and HIV risk among Guatemalan sexual minorities, using a community-based participatory research approach.

The relationship between symptomatic changes and perceived improvement among patients treated in Brazilian community mental health services.

Perceived improvement has been proposed as an important patient-reported outcome measure in mental health services evaluation. One advantage of this measure is that it can indicate whether other outcome measures, as pre-post differences in symptoms, correspond to a noticeable impact in patients' lives, as assessed by themselves. This study investigated the association between observer and self-reported symptomatic changes and perceived improvement by patients treated in two Brazilian outpatient mental health services.

Functional capacity in rheumatoid arthritis patients: comparison between Spanish and Brazilian sample.

The main objective of this study is to compare Spanish and Brazilian self-reported health-related functional capacity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 197 patients diagnosed with RA were studied in Spain (n = 127) and Brazil (n = 70). Pain (Visual analog scale) and functional capacity (Health Assessment Questionnaire/HAQ) were assessed.

INTRA ARTICULAR CALCANEAL FRACTURES: A CLINICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Objective: Verify the variables of plantar pressure distribution of patients submitted to surgical procedure for calcaneal fracture, and correlate them with two different surgical approaches.

Method: The authors studied 15 patients between 20 and 53 years of age (average 40.06 yrs.

Gastric antisecretory drugs induce leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions through gastrin release and activation of CCK-2 receptors.

Antisecretory drugs are effective antiulcer agents, but its chronic use generates hypergastrinemia and accelerates the development of atrophic gastritis in Helicobacter pylori-positive patients. We have recently shown that gastrin exerts a proinflammatory effect in rats through CCK-2 receptor activation that contributes to the inflammation induced by H. pylori.