Diversity of cultivable bacteria from deep-sea sediments of the Colombian Caribbean and their potential in bioremediation.

The diversity of deep-sea cultivable bacteria was studied in seven sediment samples of the Colombian Caribbean. Three hundred and fifty two marine bacteria were isolated according to its distinct morphological character on the solid media, then DNA sequences of the 16S rRNA were amplified to identify the isolated strains. The identified bacterial were arranged in three phylogenetic groups, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with 34 different OTUs defined at ≥ 97% of similarity and 70 OTUs at ≥ 98.

Two new species of from North America and three neotype designations (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae).

Two new species of Forster, 1964 are described. Grishin, . (type locality Guatemala: El Progreso, Morazán) is an isolated member of the genus that does not readily fit into known species groups, as suggested by its distinct male and female genitalia and COI DNA barcode sequences.

Use of species delimitation approaches to tackle the cryptic diversity of an assemblage of high Andean butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea).

Cryptic biological diversity has generated ambiguity in taxonomic and evolutionary studies. Single-locus methods and other approaches for species delimitation are useful for addressing this challenge, enabling the practical processing of large numbers of samples for identification and inventory purposes. This study analyzed an assemblage of high Andean butterflies using DNA barcoding and compared the identifications based on the current morphological taxonomy with three methods of species delimitation (automatic barcode gap discovery, generalized mixed Yule coalescent model, and Poisson tree processes).

A revision of the new genus Nakahara, Willmott & Espeland, gen. n., described for Fabricius, 1776 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae).

We here propose a new, monotypic genus, Nakahara, Willmott & Espeland, , to harbor a common Neotropical butterfly, described as Fabricius, 1776, and hitherto placed in the genus Forster, 1964. Recent and ongoing molecular phylogenetic research has shown to be polyphyletic, with proving to be unrelated to remaining species and not readily placed in any other described genus. as treated here is a widely distributed and very common species ranging from southern Mexico to southern Brazil.

Four hundred shades of brown: Higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data.

Relationships within satyrine butterflies have been notoriously difficult to resolve using both morphology and Sanger sequencing methods, and this is particularly true for the mainly Neotropical subtribe Euptychiina, which contains about 400 described species. Known larvae of Euptychiina feed on grasses and sedges, with the exception of the genus Euptychia, which feed on mosses and lycopsids, and the butterflies occur widely in rainforest, cloudforest and grassland habitats, where they are often abundant. Several previous molecular and morphological studies have made significant progress in tackling the systematics of the group, but many relationships remain unresolved, with long-branch-attraction artifacts being a major problem.

Páramo de Belmira as an important centre of endemism in the northern Colombian Andes: new evidence from Pronophilina butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini).

Páramo de Belmira (Páramo de Santa Inés) is the highest part of the Andean Central Cordillera in the Colombian department of Antioquia. It harbours a pocket of highlands grassland vegetation isolated from the nearest southerly other large paramo extensions by some 150 km. Butterflies sampling was carried out for over three years in the cloud forest-paramo mosaic and open grassland at 2650-3350 m.

Taxonomic status and redescription of Magneuptychianebulosa (Butler, 1867) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) with a lectotype designation.

A redescription of Magneuptychianebulosa (Butler, 1867), a poorly known euptychiine butterfly, is given here, and accurate distributional data are provided for the first time. Taxonomic status of this taxon has been discussed by comparing its morphology against its possible congeners. In addition, lectotype designation for Magneuptychianebulosa is provided in order to objectively establish the identity of this taxon and consequently stabilize the nomenclature.

Interspecific variation in mitochondrial serine transfer RNA (UCN) in Euptychiina butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae): structure and alignment.

The nucleotide variation and structural patterns of mitochondrial RNA molecule have been proposed as useful tools in molecular systematics; however, their usefulness is always subject to a proper assessment of homology in the sequence alignment. The present study describes the secondary structure of mitochondrial tRNA for the amino acid serine (UCN) on 13 Euptychiina species and the evaluation of its potential use for evolutionary studies in this group of butterflies. The secondary structure of tRNAs showed variation among the included species except between Hermeuptychia sp1 and sp2.