Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia induced by tenofovir in HIV-infected patients.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is an adenine analogue reverse transcription inhibitor widely used in first-line treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and also in hepatitis B virus infection. Its use has been linked to sporadic Fanconi syndrome, renal failure and bone disease. We present the clinical characteristics of tenofovir-induced osteomalacia, discuss bone biopsy findings, describe predisposing factors and compare our results with other reported cases.

Feto-placental morphological effects of prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse.

The aim of the study was to find morphological changes in the feto-placental unit due to prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse. A blind histomorphometric study was performed using 225 placentas. Based on meconium testing, the fetuses were classified as exposed or unexposed to opiates, cocaine, cannabis or alcohol.

GLP-1 and exendin-4 can reverse hyperlipidic-related osteopenia.

Increased fat mass contributes to bone deterioration. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and its related peptide exendin 1-39 amide (Ex-4), two lipid-lowering peptides, exert osteogenic effects in diabetic states. We examined the actions of 3-day administration of GLP-1 or Ex-4 on bone remodeling markers and on bone mass and structure in hyperlipidic (HL) and hypercaloric rats.

Detection of HPV by in situ hybridization in thin-layer (ThinPrep) cervicovaginal samples.

We have studied an automated in situ hybridization (ISH) method as a possible alternative approach for detecting high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in monolayer (ThinPrep) cervico-vaginal samples, comparing the results with those obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using consensus primers and studying the relationship between the ISH staining pattern and the viral integration in HPV 16-positive cases. Eighty atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cases were used for our purposes. The patients were monitored through periodic cytologies.

Bone disease induced by phenytoin therapy: clinical and experimental study.

Previous studies have made references to prolonged treatment with phenytoin as a possible risk factor in the development of osteoporosis and/or osteomalacia. We studied a group of 30 epileptic patients who were under long-term treatment with phenytoin (DPH) in an ambulatory regimen. We found the prevalence of osteoporosis to be 3.

Osteogenic biphasic calcium sulphate dihydrate/iron-modified alpha-tricalcium phosphate bone cement for spinal applications: in vivo study.

In this study, the biocompatibility and the osteogenic features of a new iron-modified alpha-tricalcium phosphate (IM/alpha-TCP) and calcium sulphate dihydrate (CSD) biphasic cement (IM/alpha-TCP/CSD-BC) have been investigated in terms of the in vivo cement resorption, bone tissue formation and host tissue response on sheep animal model. Histological evaluation performed on undecalcified cement-bone specimens assessed the in vivo behaviour. It has been shown that the new IM/alpha-TCP/CSD-BC has the ability to produce firm bone binding in vivo (i.

Progressive supravenous granulomatous nodular eruption in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive intravenous drug user treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.

We describe a 41-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-infected woman with a previous history of intravenous drug abuse, who developed multiple linear nodules following the superficial veins on both arms. Histopathological examination disclosed a dermal histiocytic inflammatory reaction with sarcoid-like granuloma formation occasionally showing an intracytoplasmic refractile material in the histiocytic cells. Nodular lesions developed progressively after starting on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) which increased her CD4 cell count and suppressed her viral load.

A study of Ki-67, c-erbB2 and cyclin D-1 expression in CIN-I, CIN-III and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.

The histological criteria for cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions and their follow-ups have been established, but their reproducibility, specificity and sensibility are not certain. Immunohistochemical markers provide more information on each specific case, in order to facilitate its classification and, eventually, its prognosis. Using immunohistochemical techniques, this study analyzes the prognostic value of three markers (Ki-67, c-erbB2 and Cyclin D1) in cases of low grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN-I), high grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN-III), and infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) taken from a group of cervical samples.

Human papillomavirus detection in urine samples: an alternative screening method.

Objectives: To investigate the usefulness of human papillomavirus detection in the urine of women with poor gynecologic attention.

Materials And Methods: Fifty urine and 50 cervical samples from 50 women were analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on these 100 samples using consensus primers and a low-density microarray-based method for human papillomavirus typing.

Study of chromosomal abnormalities in 11 cases of cervical dysplasia using comparative genomic hybridization on cotton-lint cervical samples.

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) allows the analysis of chromosomal imbalances without requiring cell cultures and is more reliable than conventional cytogenetic studies for detecting gains, losses, and amplified regions. To perform CGH on cervical lesions, some authors obtain the tumoral DNA from frozen or paraffin-embedded biopsies. Others use laser microdissected material from paraffin-embedded samples, followed by degenerate oligonucleotide primer-polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR).

Bone histomorphometry in 22 male patients with normocalciuric idiopathic osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is associated with increased bone resorption together with a decrease in bone formation. In women, there is an increase of resorption surfaces and in the number of osteoclasts. These changes, however, are not found in males.

Modulation of osteoblast activity by serum from diabetic and non-diabetic patients on hemodialysis: a three-dimensional culture study.

Background: The aims of our study were to develop a three-dimensional model based on normal human osteoblasts and to determine, with this method, the osteoblastic response to sera of non-diabetic and diabetic patients on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure.

Methods: A protocol for culture of osteoblastic cells in three-dimensional meshworks of bovine type I collagen was developed. The effect on cultures of sera from three groups of patients was studied: 1) 12 diabetic patients on hemodialysis [age: 65 +/- 5.

Relationship among densitometry, bone histomorphometry, and histologic stage in idiopathic myelofibrosis.

Idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) induces dramatic changes in bone. Bone remodeling and densitometric alterations in a series of nine patients with IMF and their relationship with the histologic stage of the disease were assessed. Patients were included at diagnosis and a bone marrow biopsy, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and transiliac bone biopsy for histomorphometric analysis were performed.

Bone disease in long-term adult kidney transplant patients with normal renal function.

Background: In successful renal transplantation, the degree of renal function recovery is usually incomplete and information is scarce about the abnormalities of mineral metabolism in long-term adult renal recipients with normal renal function. This study was designed to investigate bone mineral metabolism in patients with a long-term normal functioning kidney.

Methods: Twenty-nine adult asymptomatic renal transplant (RT) recipients with stable graft function for more than 10 years and serum creatinine <2 mg/dL were studied.

Primary epidural lymphoma. Case report.

A case of follicular center cell lymphoma arising in the spinal dura mater is presented. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of primary epidural lymphoma in which immunohistochemical and molecular investigations demonstrated a follicular center cell origin.

Alendronate and etidronate do not regulate interleukin 6 and 11 synthesis in normal human osteoblasts in culture.

Bisphosphonates exert a potent inhibitory effect on bone resorption. Several studies have been performed, with contradictory results, to ascertain whether the effect of bisphosphonates on osteoclasts could be produced, at least in part, by modulation of the synthesis of resorption-promoting factors by osteoblasts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of etidronate (10-4-10-9 M) and alendronate (10-7-10-12 M) on the production of IL-6 and IL-11 using human osteoblast cultures.

Host cell-derived cardiomyocytes in sex-mismatch cardiac allografts.

Background: Mesenchymal precursor cells are able to respond to tissue signals and differentiate into a phenotype characteristic of mature cells of that tissue. We sought to investigate whether adult human cardiomyocytes can be derived from recipient precursor cells in sex-mismatched cardiac allografts.

Methods: We studied four male patients who received hearts from female donors, and four female patients who received an allograft from a male donor.

Osteoblasts in HIV-infected patients: HIV-1 infection and cell function.

Background: HIV-infected patients have been shown to have a severe alteration in osteoblast function that appears to be related to the infection.

Objective: To determine whether normal human osteoblasts express CD4, whether osteoblasts from patients with HIV infection are infected by HIV-1 and whether osteoblast dysfunction observed in vivo also occurs in vitro.

Methods: Osteoblast cultures from bone marrow biopsies of HIV-infected patients (n = 14) and control patients (n = 10) were used in a cross-sectional study and a case-control prospective study.

Intercellular junctions, apical differentiation, and infiltrative features in colon cancer: an ultrastructural study. The Colon Cancer Team at IMAS.

Changes in the structure and number of cell junctions have been related to the infiltrative and metastatic potential of tumor cells. Apparently, the loss of cell adhesion should be coordinated with significant changes in the apical and basal cell domains. The authors have performed a sequential ultrastructural study of cells in the superficial, middle, and deep regions of well- and moderately differentiated colon adenocarcinomas.

DNA image cytometry. An alternative method in osteoblast proliferation assays.

Objective: To assess whether DNA image cytometry can be used as an alternative method to tritiated thymidine uptake quantification in osteoblast proliferation assays. STUD DESIGN: Proliferation of normal human osteoblasts incubated with normal human serum at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 40% was quantified by tritiated thymidine uptake quantification and DNA image cytometry.

Nuclear beta-catenin in colorectal tumors: to freeze or not to freeze? Colon Cancer Team at IMAS.

beta-Catenin mediates the interaction of E-cadherin with alpha-catenin and the actin cytoskeleton. Recent evidence indicates that when the tumor suppressor gene APC is inactivated, beta-catenin can translocate to the nucleus, where it acts as a transcriptional regulator. Because APC is inactivated in most colorectal cancers, beta-catenin nuclear localization would be expected in these tumors.

In vitro synthesis of type I collagen: quantification of carboxyterminal propeptide of procollagen type I versus tritiated proline incorporation.

Radioimmunoassay of the carboxyterminal propeptide of human type I procollagen has been recently introduced to measure in vitro synthesis of type I collagen by osteoblasts and fibroblasts. However, it has not been assessed whether the equivalent results are obtained with this new assay and with tritiated proline incorporation to collagen protein. To this purpose, both methods were used to quantify synthesis of type I collagen in normal human osteoblast cultures to which fetal calf serum and human serum were added in order to stimulate protein synthesis.

Effect of alendronate on cultured normal human osteoblasts.

Alendronate is an aminobisphosphonate with a potent anti-reabsorptive action that does not appear to interfere with bone mineralization, and is even able to increase bone mineral density in osteoporotic postmenopausal women through a still not fully understood mechanism. This study was conducted to assess the direct effect of alendronate on diverse aspects of normal human osteoblast physiology. For that purpose, the in vitro effect of a wide range of concentrations [from 10(-1) to 10(-12) mol/L] of alendronate on cell viability, proliferation, collagen synthesis, and the mineral-depositing capacity of normal human osteoblasts was tested.

Medullary carcinoma of the breast: an ultrastructural morphometric study of nine cases.

Ultrastructural and morphometric features of 10 medullary carcinomas of the breast (MC) were investigated. Cases with a long follow-up were selected by applying stringent histologic criteria. All tumors had a homogeneous appearance by light microscopy.