Metaplastic Carcinoma of the Breast: Case Series of a Single Institute and Review of the Literature.

Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast (MpBC) is a very rare and aggressive type of breast cancer. Data focusing on MpBC are limited. The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathological features of MpBC and evaluate the prognosis of patients with MpBC.

Calpain-mediated Mechanoptosis in Breast Adenocarcinoma.

Calpains belong to a family of important calcium-dependent cysteine proteases. They are involved in intracellular processes including cytoskeleton disorganization and substrate proteolysis. They also enhance apoptosis and cell to cell adhesion.

DNA Mismatch Repair System Imbalances in Breast Adenocarcinoma.

DNA mismatch repair system (MMR) is considered a leading genetic mechanism in stabilizing DNA structure and maintaining its function. DNA MMR is a highly conserved system in bacteria, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic cells, and provides the highest protection to DNA by repairing micro-structural alterations. DNA MMR proteins are involved in the detection and repair of intra-nucleotide base-to-base errors inside the complementary DNA strand recognizing the recently synthesized strand from the parental template.

Epigenetic Mechanisms in Breast Adenocarcinoma: Novel DNA Methylation Patterns.

Breast adenocarcinoma is a leading cause of death in females worldwide. A broad spectrum of genetic and epigenetic alterations has been already identified and reported in millions of examined cancerous substrates, evidence of a high-level genomic heterogeneity that characterizes these malignancies. Concerning epigenetic changes and imbalances that critically affect progression and prognosis in the corresponding patients, DNA methylation, histone modifications (acetylation), micro-RNAs (miRs) alterations and chromatin re-organization represent the main mechanisms.

Adjuvant Treatment of Elderly Breast Cancer Patients: Offer the Best Chances of Cure.

Background: Breast cancer remains the most common cancer in women and a leading cause of death. Elderly people have a higher incidence of breast cancer since it increases with age. Furthermore, the extended life expectancy and advances in imaging techniques have led to an increased number of cases.

Depressive Symptoms and Burnout Among Medical Students: a Prospective Study.

Background: Depressive symptoms and burnout are common among medical students. However, few studies have investigated their trajectory over the course of medical school.

Objective: Evaluate year-by-year changes in depressive and burnout symptoms over the course of medical school training.

Germline mutations in a clinic-based series of pregnancy associated breast cancer patients.

Background: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) defined as breast cancer diagnosed during gestation, lactation or within 1 year after delivery, represents a truly challenging situation with significantly increasing incidence rate. The genomic background of PABC has only recently been addressed while the underlying mechanisms of the disease still remain unknown. This analysis aims to further elucidate the frequency of PABC cases attributable to genetic predisposition and identify specific cancer susceptibility genes characterizing PABC.

Whole Breast Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Not Detected Radiographically.

Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women, with invasive lobular carcinoma being the second most common histologic form. A 78-year-old female patient presented complaining of an enlarged palpable lymph node in the left axilla. Breast ultrasound, digital mammography, and contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) revealed no abnormal findings.

Large cyst of the vaginal wall in pregnancy.

Large vaginal cysts during pregnancy are rare and can mislead Obstetricians to a false diagnosis, that of "Protruding membranes". Aspiration of the cyst can be easily performed, resulting in the collapsing of the cyst and an uneventful vaginal delivery can be conducted.

Evaluation of MET T1010I and MET rs40239 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in triple-negative breast cancer: a case-control study.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of MET T1010I and MET rs40239 as potential risk factor and/or prognostic markers in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). 114 samples of DNA from paraffin-embedded breast normal tissues of patients with TNBC and 124 samples of healthy controls were collected and analyzed for MET T1010I and MET rs40239 polymorphisms. MET T1010I CT genotype was associated with increased risk of TNBC in both univariate and multivariate analysis.

Paving the way for changing perceptions in breast surgery: a systematic literature review focused on oncological and aesthetic outcomes of oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer.

Background: The emphasis on aesthetic outcomes and quality of life after breast cancer surgery has motivated breast surgeons to develop oncoplastic breast conserving surgery (OPS). Training programs are still rare in most countries, and there is little standardization, which challenges the scientific evaluation of these techniques. This systematic review aims to assess oncological and cosmetic outcomes of OPS.

Prognostic significance of miR-34 rs4938723 T > C polymorphism in triple negative breast cancer patients.

Objectives: The aim of this was the assessment of the prognostic role of the rs4938723 C > T polymorphism of the miR-34 in triple negative breast cancer patients.

Methods: Therefore formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples from 114 triple negative breast cancer patients and blood samples from 124 healthy donors were genotyped and subsequently extensive statistical analysis was performed in order to investigate the clinical value of this polymorphism in triple negative breast cancer.

Results: Our statistical analysis disclosed that the majority of patients harboring ductal breast carcinoma (69.

Discrepancies of current recommendations in breast cancer follow-up: a systematic review.

Introduction: Management and optimal follow-up of early breast cancer survivors remain up to this day a challenge due to the lack of well-established guidelines. Multiple medical societies, organizations and working groups have provided recommendations for follow-up but there is no uniform, globally approved algorithm to guide clinical practice.

Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify and evaluate discrepancies between available guidelines for the follow-up of breast cancer survivors.

Evaluation of pre-mir-34a rs72631823 single nucleotide polymorphism in triple negative breast cancer: A case-control study.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of pre-miR34a rs72631823 as potential risk factor and/or prognostic marker in patients with triple negative breast cancer.

Methods: 114 samples of DNA from paraffin embedded breast normal tissues of patients with triple negative breast cancer and 124 samples of healthy controls were collected and analyzed for pre-miR34a rs72631823 polymorphism.

Results: Pre-miR34a rs72631823 A allele was associated with increased TNBC risk both in univariate and multivariate analysis.

Breast cancer treatment in women over the age of 80: A tailored approach.

Breast cancer treatment in women over the age of 80 remains a complex issue due to pre-existing comorbidities, therapy-related toxicities, and the lack of evidence-based data in this population, leading to both overtreatment and under treatment. The average life expectancy of an 80-year-old woman is 9.7 years and chronologic age alone should not be a factor in withholding therapy.

A prepubertal giant juvenile fibroadenoma in a 12-year-old girl: Case report and brief literature review.

Introduction: Giant juvenile fibroadenomas represent only the 0.5% of all fibroadenomas, constituting a rare condition in adolescence. In prepuberty, the presence of this condition is extremely rare.

Health and wellness among incoming resident physicians: A multi-domain survey.

Introduction: Burnout and depression are well-described in medical students and physicians and can lead to adverse personal and patient outcomes; however, their time course and risk factors remain understudied. Here, we measured multiple domains of mental and physical health and wellness and assessed gender differences among incoming physician trainees beginning residency at an academic medical center.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, all incoming trainees (i.

Breast lymphoma in a patient with B-cell Non Hodgkin Lymphoma: A case report study.

Introduction: Breast involvement in Non Hodgkin Lymphoma is a rare entity as it accounts for 2.2% of all extranodal lymphomas.

Presentation Of Case: A 59-year-old woman was referred to our Breast Unit because of two nodules of the right breast newly discovered during her annual mammography.

Pyoderma Gangrenosum of the breast: A case report study.

Introduction: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) of the breast is a rare and rapidly spreading disease, which usually co-exists with severe underlying systemic conditions. PG often presents secondary to breast surgery with skin lesions and signs of infection, even though it is a non-infectious, necrotizing dermatological entity.

Presentation Of Case: We present a case of de novo unilateral breast PG in 37-year-old woman, with a clear medical history whatsoever.

Cancer in pregnancy: disentangling treatment modalities.

Pregnancy-associated cancer constitutes an uncommon and difficult to manage clinical situation. It is defined as the cancer diagnosed from the first day of childbearing to 1 year post partum. Coexistence of cancer with pregnancy adds complexity to treatment recommendations, as both the mother and the fetus may be affected.

Pseudomamma of the inguinal region in a female patient: A case report.

Introduction: Supernumerary breasts are relative common benign congenital anomalies. General population occurrence rates vary up to 6% according to ethnicity and gender. Higher incidence is recorded in Asian individuals, especially Japanese.

Low protein expression of MET in ER-positive and HER2-positive breast cancer.

Aim: The mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a key role in cell survival, growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Because its expression is frequently altered in tumors, MET is currently under investigation as a potential target for anticancer therapy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prognostic value of tumor MET expression levels in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, in order to strengthen the rationale for targeted therapy using MET inhibitors in this breast cancer subpopulation.

Does pregnancy-associated breast cancer imply a worse prognosis? A matched case-case study.

Background: Significant controversy exists in the literature regarding the role of pregnancy in the prognosis of breast cancer. We designed a matched case-case study, matching pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) cases with breast cancer cases for stage, age, and year of diagnosis.

Patients And Methods: 39 consecutive cases of PABC were matched with 39 premenopausal cases of breast cancer.

Breast cancer in women aged 25 years and younger.

Objective: To evaluate breast cancer characteristics in women aged 25 years and younger.

Methods: This was a retrospective, nested, within-cases matched study. The study design was based on a two-phase protocol.