Apoptosis mapping in space and time of 3D tumor ecosystems reveals transmissibility of cytotoxic cancer death.

The emerging tumor-on-chip (ToC) approaches allow to address biomedical questions out of reach with classical cell culture techniques: in biomimetic 3D hydrogels they partially reconstitute ex vivo the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the cellular dynamics involving multiple cell types (cancer cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, etc.). However, a clear bottleneck is the extraction and interpretation of the rich biological information contained, sometime hidden, in the cell co-culture videos.

CD103CD8 T Cells Accumulate in Tumors of Anti-PD-1-Responder Lung Cancer Patients and Are Tumor-Reactive Lymphocytes Enriched with Tc17.

Accumulation of CD103CD8 resident memory T (T) cells in human lung tumors has been associated with a favorable prognosis. However, the contribution of T to anti-tumor immunity and to the response to immune checkpoint blockade has not been clearly established. Using quantitative multiplex immunofluorescence on cohorts of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with anti-PD-(L)1, we show that an increased density of CD103CD8 lymphocytes in immunotherapy-naive tumors is associated with greatly improved outcomes.

Regulation of antitumour CD8 T-cell immunity and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy by Neuropilin-1.

Neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) is a marker for murine CD4FoxP3 regulatory T (Treg) cells, a subset of human CD4 Treg cells, and a population of CD8 T cells infiltrating certain solid tumours. However, whether Nrp-1 regulates tumour-specific CD8 T-cell responses is still unclear. Here we show that Nrp-1 defines a subset of CD8 T cells displaying PD-1 status and infiltrating human lung cancer.

Recent Advances in Lung Cancer Immunotherapy: Input of T-Cell Epitopes Associated With Impaired Peptide Processing.

Recent advances in lung cancer treatment are emerging from new immunotherapies that target T-cell inhibitory receptors, such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). However, responses to anti-PD-1 antibodies as single agents are observed in fewer than 20% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and immune mechanisms involved in the response to these therapeutic interventions remain poorly elucidated. Accumulating evidence indicates that effective anti-tumor immunity is associated with the presence of T cells directed toward cancer neoepitopes, a class of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-bound peptides that arise from tumor-specific mutations.

TGFβ Signaling Intersects with CD103 Integrin Signaling to Promote T-Lymphocyte Accumulation and Antitumor Activity in the Lung Tumor Microenvironment.

Homing of CD8(+) T lymphocytes to the tumor microenvironment is an important step for mounting a robust antitumor immune response. TGFβ is responsible for CD103 (αEβ7) integrin induction in activated intraepithelial CD8(+) T lymphocytes. However, the interplay between TGFβ and CD103 and their contribution to T-cell infiltration and antitumor activity remain unknown.