Circulating genotypes of Leptospira in French Polynesia : An 9-year molecular epidemiology surveillance follow-up study.

Background: Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis with global impact, particularly among vulnerable populations in resource-poor settings in tropical countries. Rodents have been considered to be the main reservoir of the disease; however, a wide variety of mammals can act as hosts as well. Here we examine the genetic diversity of Leptospira strains from biological samples of patients and animals in French Polynesia (FP) from 2011 to 2019.

Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) outbreak, French Polynesia, 2019.

In 1996-97, the last dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) outbreak occurred in French Polynesia. In February 2019, DENV-2 infection was detected in a traveller from New Caledonia. In March, autochthonous DENV-2 infection was diagnosed in two residents.

Zika Virus Infection during Pregnancy and Effects on Early Childhood Development, French Polynesia, 2013-2016.

Congenital Zika virus syndrome consists of a large spectrum of neurologic abnormalities seen in infants infected with Zika virus in utero. However, little is known about the effects of Zika virus intrauterine infection on the neurocognitive development of children born without birth defects. Using a case-control study design, we investigated the temporal association of a cluster of congenital defects with Zika virus infection.

Use of surveillance data to calculate the sample size and the statistical power of randomized clinical trials testing Staphylococcus aureus vaccine efficacy in orthopedic surgery.

Background: Patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) would be a worthy population for anti-staphylococcal vaccines. The objective is to assess sample size for significant vaccine efficacy (VE) in a randomized clinical trial (RCT).

Methods: Data from a surveillance network of surgical site infection in France between 2008 and 2011 were used.

High risk of dengue type 2 outbreak in French Polynesia, 2017.

In French Polynesia, the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1 to -4) have caused 14 epidemics since the mid-1940s. From the end of 2016, an increasing number of Pacific Island Countries and Territories have reported DENV-2 outbreaks and in February 2017, DENV-2 infection was detected in French Polynesia in three travellers from Vanuatu. As DENV-2 has not been circulating in French Polynesia since December 2000, there is high risk for an outbreak to occur.

Compliance with standard precautions: Results of a French national audit.

Background: Standard precautions (SPs) aim to reduce the risk of cross-transmission of microorganisms. The objectives of the present study were to assess institutional policies for SPs promotion, available resources for SPs implementation, and education of health care workers (HCWs) and their compliance with SPs.

Methods: A multisite mixed-methods audit was conducted in 2011.

Use of surveillance data to identify target populations for Staphylococcus aureus vaccines and prevent surgical site infections: a pilot study.

The development of anti-staphylococcal vaccines is nowadays a priority to prevent surgical site infections (SSI). The objective of the present study was to identify a potential target population by assessing surveillance data on surgery patients for possible anti-staphylococcal vaccine administration. Individuals at high risk of SSI by Staphylococcus aureus (SA) were targeted by the French SSI Surveillance Network in south-eastern France between 2008 and 2011.

Detection of hospital outbreaks of influenza-like illness based on excess of incidence rates compared to the community.

The risk of nosocomial influenza-like illness (noso-ILI) compared with that of community-acquired ILI was calculated during 3 influenza seasons (2004-2007) at a 1100-bed university hospital with a total of 21,519 hospitalized patients. Outbreaks of noso-ILI occurred in each season, although a protective effect against noso-ILI was also identified for other wards.

Improving prediction of surgical site infection risk with multilevel modeling.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance is a key factor in the elaboration of strategies to reduce SSI occurrence and in providing surgeons with appropriate data feedback (risk indicators, clinical prediction rule).

Aim: To improve the predictive performance of an individual-based SSI risk model by considering a multilevel hierarchical structure.

Patients And Methods: Data were collected anonymously by the French SSI active surveillance system in 2011.

Prevalence and risk factors for HIV, hepatitis B virus, and syphilis among pregnant women in Mayotte, Indian Ocean, 2008-2009.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors for HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and syphilis among pregnant women living on the Indian Ocean island of Mayotte.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 671 pregnant women at 11 prenatal clinics on Mayotte between September 15, 2008, and September 27, 2009. Sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire.

A multiplicative hazard regression model to assess the risk of disease transmission at hospital during community epidemics.

Background: During community epidemics, infections may be imported within hospital and transmitted to hospitalized patients. Hospital outbreaks of communicable diseases have been increasingly reported during the last decades and have had significant consequences in terms of patient morbidity, mortality, and associated costs. Quantitative studies are thus needed to estimate the risks of communicable diseases among hospital patients, taking into account the epidemiological process outside, hospital and host-related risk factors of infection and the role of other patients and healthcare workers as sources of infection.

Risk of influenza-like illness in an acute health care setting during community influenza epidemics in 2004-2005, 2005-2006, and 2006-2007: a prospective study.

Background: The person-to-person transmission of influenza-like illness (ILI) and influenza has been described mostly in long-term care units. Studies in acute hospital settings are rare and mostly retrospective.

Methods: We prospectively estimated the relative risk (RR) of hospital-acquired (HA) ILI during hospitalization according to in-hospital exposures to contagious individuals.

Fatal nosocomial Legionella pneumophila infection due to exposure to contaminated water from a washbasin in a hematology unit.

A fatal nosocomial infection with Legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 occurred in a patient with leukemia. Isolates recovered from both the potable water supply and the patient showed an identical genomic profile. With no other exposure identified, the water from the washbasin was evidently the source of infection.

Early- and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit: comparison of risk factors.

Purpose: To compare risk factors of early- (E) and late-onset (L) ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Materials And Methods: An epidemiological survey based on a nosocomial infection surveillance program of 11 intensive care units (ICUs) of university teaching hospitals in Lyon, France, was conducted. A total of 7236 consecutive ventilated patients, older than 18 years and hospitalized in ICUs for at least 48 hours, were studied between 1996 and 2002.