The Effect of Leaf Plasticity on the Isolation of Apoplastic Fluid from Leaves of Tartary Buckwheat Plants Grown and .

Vacuum infiltration-centrifugation (VIC) is the most reproducible technique for the isolation of apoplast washing fluid (AWF) from leaves, but its effectiveness depends on the infiltration-centrifugation conditions and the anatomical and physiological peculiarities of leaves. This study aimed to elaborate an optimal procedure for AWF isolation from the leaves of Tartary buckwheat grown in and conditions and reveal the leaf anatomical and physiological traits that could contribute to the effectiveness of AWF isolation. Here, it was demonstrated that leaves of buckwheat plants grown could be easier infiltrated, were less sensitive to higher forces of centrifugation (900× and 1500× ), and produced more AWF yield and apoplastic protein content than leaves at the same forces of centrifugation (600× and 900× ).

Development of gravitropic response: unusual behavior of flax phloem G-fibers.

The major mechanism of gravitropism that is discussed for herbal plants is based on the nonuniform elongation of cells located on the opposite stem sides, occurring in the growing zone of an organ. However, gravitropic response of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is well-pronounced in the lower half of developing stem, which has ceased elongation long in advance of plant inclination.

Homofusion of Golgi secretory vesicles in flax phloem fibers during formation of the gelatinous secondary cell wall.

The gelatinous type of secondary cell wall is present in tension wood and in phloem fibers of many plants. It is characterized by the absence of xylan and lignin, a high cellulose content and axially orientated microfibrils in the huge S2 layer. In flax phloem fiber, the major non-cellulosic component of such cell walls is tissue-specific galactan, which is tightly bound to cellulose.