Catalytic reactor for operando spatially resolved structure-activity profiling using high-energy X-ray diffraction.

In heterogeneous catalysis, operando measurements probe catalysts in their active state and are essential for revealing complex catalyst structure-activity relationships. The development of appropriate operando sample environments for spatially resolved studies has come strongly into focus in recent years, particularly when coupled to the powerful and multimodal characterization tools available at synchrotron light sources. However, most catalysis studies at synchrotron facilities only measure structural information about the catalyst in a spatially resolved manner, whereas gas analysis is restricted to the reactor outlet.

The Effect of pH on the Structure and Lateral Organization of Cardiolipin in Langmuir Monolayers.

Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique phospholipid featuring a dimeric structure. With its four alkyl chains, it has a large hydrophobic region and the charged hydrophilic head group is relatively small. Biological membranes exhibit CL exclusively in the inner bacterial and mitochondrial membranes.

The Influence of Calcium Traces in Ultrapure Water on the Lateral Organization in Tetramyristoyl Cardiolipin Monolayers.

Cardiolipin (CL) plays an important role in administering the structural organization of biological membranes and therefore helps maintaining the integer membrane functionality. CL has a dimeric structure consisting of four acyl chains and two phosphate groups. With its unusual structure, the phospholipid is responsible for curvature formation in CL containing biological membranes.

Understanding the Enhanced Magnetic Response of Aminocholesterol Doped Lanthanide-Ion-Chelating Phospholipid Bicelles.

Cholesterol (Chol-OH) and its conjugates are powerful molecules for engineering the physicochemical and magnetic properties of phospholipid bilayers in bicelles. Introduction of aminocholesterol (3β-amino-5-cholestene, Chol-NH) in bicelles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and the thulium-ion-chelating phospholipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine-diethylene triaminepentaacetate (DMPE-DTPA/Tm) results in unprecedented high magnetic alignments by selectively tuning the magnetic susceptibility Δχ of the bilayer. However, little is known on the underlying mechanisms behind the magnetic response and, more generally, on the physicochemical forces governing a Chol-NH doped DMPC bilayer.