Real-world cost-effectiveness analysis of thymoglobulin versus no induction therapy in kidney transplant recipients at low risk of graft loss.

Background: A new induction therapy strategy of a single 3 mg/kg dose of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (r-ATG) showed a lower incidence of acute rejection.

Methods: The objective of this study was to use real-world data to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of r-ATG induction for the prevention of acute rejection (AR) in the first year following kidney transplantation and for kidney graft survival over 1, 4, and 10 years of post-transplantation from the perspective of the national public healthcare system. A Markov state transition model was developed utilizing real-world data extracted from medical invoices from a single center.

The Influence of Initial Immunosuppression on the Kinetics of Humoral Response after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients Undergoing Kidney Transplantation.

The effect of initial immunosuppressive therapy on the kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced humoral response is unknown. Here, we compared the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced humoral response in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing kidney transplantation (KTRs) and compared to patients remaining on dialysis during the Omicron circulation. This prospective, non-randomized, real-world study included 113 KTRs and 108 patients on dialysis.

Efficacy and safety of single-dose anti-thymocyte globulin versus basiliximab induction therapy in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: A retrospective comparative cohort study.

Background: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of basiliximab (BAS) versus a single dose of anti-thymocyte globulin (r-ATG) induction therapy in pediatric kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).

Methods: This single-center retrospective comparative cohort study included all pediatric KTRs from May 2013 to April 2018 and followed up to 12 months. In the first period, all recipients received BAS, while from May 2016, a single 3 mg/kg dose of r-ATG was instituted.

Assessing the influence of graft loss on 4-year patient survival after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation: Kaplan-Meier versus Competing Risk Analysis model.

Background: Graft loss increases the risk of patient death after simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation. The relative risk of each graft failure is complex due to the influence of several competing events.

Methods: This retrospective, single-center study compared 4-year patient survival according to the graft status using Kaplan-Meier (KM) and Competing Risk Analysis (CRA).

Metastasis of skin squamous cell carcinoma in kidney transplant recipients.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common skin malignancy in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) as a result of immunosuppression. A worldwide increase in kidney transplantation justifies the determination of prognostic biomarkers by collecting detailed patient data on metastasis development. This study aims to characterize the clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological profiles of KTRs who developed metastasis of cSCC.

Excess mortality among kidney transplant recipients: Impact of COVID-19-related deaths during the pandemic.

Background: Because COVID-19 has been associated with high lethality rates among kidney transplant recipients (KTR), but also with a severe disruption and delays in overall healthcare, this study aims to evaluate the excess mortality in the pandemic era among KTR in a high-volume Brazilian transplant center.

Methods: This study used data from a single center that provides follow-up on all its transplant recipients. The population of interest included all the patients who were transplanted between August 31, 1983 and December 31, 2022 and who were live from January 1, 2014.

Long COVID Among Kidney Transplant Recipients Appears to Be Attenuated During the Omicron Predominance.

Background: Omicron variant has been associated with milder cases of COVID-19 among kidney transplant recipients. However, little is known about postacute sequelae, referred to as Long COVID.

Methods: Prospective, single-center cohort study investigating prevalence and risk factors for Long COVID among kidney transplant recipients during the omicron predominance in Brazil.

Sex Differences among Overweight/Obese Kidney Transplant Recipients Requiring Oxygen Support Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.

: Overweight/obesity puts individuals at greater risk for COVID-19 progression and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the impact of overweight/obesity on oxygen (O) requirement outcomes of male and female kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. : We conducted a retrospective analysis of a cohort of KTRs diagnosed with COVID-19.

Use of sirolimus as an adjuvant therapy for kidney transplant recipients with high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas: a prospective non-randomized controlled study.

Introduction: Previous research demonstrated benefits of late conversion to mTOR inhibitors against cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR), despite of poor tolerability. This study investigated whether stepwise conversion to sirolimus monotherapy without an attack dose modified the course of disease with improved tolerability.

Methods: This prospective exploratory study included non-sensitized KTR with more than 12-months post-transplant, on continuous use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI)-based therapy, and with poor-prognosis cSCC lesions.

A Head-to-head Comparison of De Novo Sirolimus or Everolimus Plus Reduced-dose Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prospective and Randomized Trial.

Background: Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi), sirolimus (SRL) and everolimus (EVR), have distinct pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics properties. There are no studies comparing the efficacy and safety of de novo use of SRL versus EVR in combination with reduced-dose calcineurin inhibitor.

Methods: This single-center prospective, randomized study included first kidney transplant recipients receiving a single 3 mg/kg antithymocyte globulin dose, tacrolimus, and prednisone, without cytomegalovirus (CMV) pharmacological prophylaxis.

Oxygen Requirement in Overweight/Obese Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19: An Observational Cohort Study.

Introduction: Obesity is one of the components of the cardiometabolic syndrome that contributes to COVID-19 progression and mortality. Immunosuppressed individuals are at greater risk of the COVID-19 burden. Therefore, we sought to investigate the impact of the combination of overweight/obesity and kidney transplant on oxygen (O) requirements in the COVID-19 setting.

Conversion to mTOR Inhibitor to Reduce the Incidence of Cytomegalovirus Recurrence in Kidney Transplant Recipients Receiving Preemptive Treatment: A Prospective, Randomized Trial.

Background: Although mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) are associated with a lower incidence of the first episode of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection/disease in kidney transplant recipients receiving calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), the efficacy and safety of the conversion from the antimetabolite to an mTORi for the prevention of CMV recurrence are unknown.

Methods: In this single-center prospective randomized trial, low-immunological-risk, CMV-positive kidney transplant recipients receiving preemptive therapy were randomized to be converted (sirolimus [SRL]) or not (control [CTR]) immediately after the treatment of the first episode of CMV infection/disease and were followed for 12 mo. A sample size of 72 patients was calculated to demonstrate a 75% reduction in the incidence of CMV recurrence (80% power, 95% confidence level).

The impact of universal induction therapy on early hospital readmission of kidney transplant recipients.

Background: Early hospital readmission (EHR) is associated with worse outcomes. The use of anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) induction therapy is associated with increased efficacy in preventing acute rejection, although safety concerns still exist.

Methods: This retrospective single-center study compared the incidence, causes of EHR, and one-year clinical outcomes of patients receiving a kidney transplant between August 18, 2011 and December 31, 2012 (old era), in which only high-risk patients received 5 mg/kg rATG, with those transplanted between August 18, 2014 and December 31, 2015 (new era), in which all patients received a single 3 mg/kg dose of rATG.

Impact of Hypertension on COVID-19 Burden in Kidney Transplant Recipients: An Observational Cohort Study.

Background: COVID-19 severity is determined by cardiometabolic risk factors, which can be further aggravated by chronic immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). We aimed to verify the main risk factors related to hypertension (HTN) that contribute to COVID-19 progression and mortality in that population.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 300 KTRs from March 2020 to August 2020 in a single center.

COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Kidney transplant recipients present higher rates of pre-existing comorbidities, in particular diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and cardiac disease. We aimed to verify the main risk factors related to DM that contribute to COVID-19 progression and mortality in a kidney transplant setting. From March to August 2020, we evaluated 300 kidney transplant recipients affected by COVID-19.

Immunogenicity After a Heterologous BNT262b2 Versus Homologous Booster in Kidney Transplant Recipients Receiving 2 Doses of CoronaVac Vaccine: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Comparative studies of third heterologous doses following the CoronaVac vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in kidney transplant recipients are lacking.

Methods: This prospective, single-center cohort study included kidney transplant recipients without previous COVID-19. Patients received a third heterologous (BNT162b2 mRNA) or homologous dose at least 4 wk after 2 doses of the CoronaVac vaccine.

The Mycophenolate-based Immunosuppressive Regimen Is Associated With Increased Mortality in Kidney Transplant Patients With COVID-19.

Background: The chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs is a key risk factor of death because of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), although no evident association between the class of immunosuppressive and outcomes has been observed. Thus, we aimed to compare COVID-19-associated outcomes among KTRs receiving 3 different immunosuppressive maintenance regimes.

Methods: This study included data from 1833 KTRs with COVID-19 diagnosed between March 20 and April 21 extracted from the national registry before immunization.