Genome Mining Shows Ubiquitous Presence and Extensive Diversity of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in .

Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems consist of two or more adjacent genes, encoding a toxin and an antitoxin. TA systems are implicated in evolutionary and physiological functions including genome maintenance, antibiotics persistence, phage defense, and virulence. Eight classes of TA systems have been described, based on the mechanism of toxin neutralization by the antitoxin.

Sandwich-type tetranuclear lanthanide complexes with cucurbit[6]uril: from molecular compounds to coordination polymers.

Sandwich-type lanthanide complexes with macrocyclic ligand cucurbit[6]uril (C 36H 36N 24O 12, CB[6]) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions from aqueous solutions of lanthanide(III) bromides, CB[6], and 4-cyanopyridine. According to X-ray analysis (Ln = La, Pr, Dy, Ho, Er, and Yb), the compounds with different structural types of lanthanide cores have a common fragment where the tetranuclear hydroxo complex is sandwiched between two macrocycles {(IN@CB[6])Ln 4(mu 3-OH) 4(IN@CB[6])} (6+) (IN = isonicotinate). The photoluminescence (for Ln = Eu) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra (for Ln = Pr, Dy, and Er) were studied.

The bivalent metal hypophosphites Sr(H2PO2)2, Pb(H2PO2)2 and Ba(H2PO2)2.

The structures of isomorphous monoclinic strontium and lead bis(dihydrogenphosphate), Sr(H2PO2)2 and Pb(H2PO2)2, and orthorhombic barium bis(dihydrogenphosphate), Ba(H2PO2)2, consist of layers of hypophosphite anions and metal cations exhibiting square antiprismatic coordination by O atoms. The Sr and Pb atoms are located on sites with point symmetry 2, and the Ba atoms are on sites with point symmetry 222. Within the layers, each anion bridges four metal cations.

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2.

The structures of the hypophosphites KH(2)PO(2) (potassium hypophosphite), RbH(2)PO(2) (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH(2)PO(2) (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.

Antigenic Variation and Some Biological Properties of Wild-Type Measles Virus Strain Buk and Vaccine Strain L-16.

In some measles virus strains protein synthesis is restricted or reduced at higher temperature incubation. But in wild-type Buk strain and L-16 vaccine strain no changes in viral protein synthesis at 40 degrees C were shown. Radiolabelled Buk and L-16 proteins were precipitated with reconvalescent sera, vaccinated children's sera, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patients' sera and rabbit antisera.

Hexaaquanickel(II) bis(hypophosphite).

The structure of hexaaquanickel(II) bis(hypophosphite), [Ni(H(2)O)(6)](H(2)PO(2))(2), has been determined. The crystals are prismatic. The packing of the Ni and P atoms (not the entire hypophosphite anions) is the same as in the structures of [Co(H(2)O)(6)](H(2)PO(2))(2) and [Co(0.

Hexaaquacobalt(II) bis(hypophosphite) and hexaaquacobalt(II)/nickel(II) bis(hypophosphite).

The title compounds, hexaaquacobalt(II) bis(hypophosphite), [Co(H(2)O)(6)](H(2)PO(2))(2), and hexaaquacobalt(II)/nickel(II) bis(hypophosphite), [Co(0.5)Ni(0.5)(H(2)O)(6)](H(2)PO(2))(2), are shown to adopt the same structure as hexaaquamagnesium(II) bis(hypophosphite).

Copper(II) hypophosphite: the alpha- and beta-forms at 270 and 100 K, and the gamma-form at 270 K.

Copper(II) hypophosphite has been shown to exist as several polymorphs. The crystal structures of monoclinic alpha-, orthorhombic beta- and orthorhombic gamma-Cu(H(2)PO(2))(2) have been determined at different temperatures. The geometry of the hypophosphite anion in all three polymorphs is very close to the idealized one, with point symmetry mm2.