JM-20 affects GABA neurotransmission in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Along with the discovery of new candidate molecules for pharmaceuticals, several studies have emerged showing different mechanisms of action and toxicological aspects. 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-4- (2-nitrophenyl)4,11-dihydro-1 H-pyrido [2,3-b] [1,5] benzodiazepine (JM-20) is a hybrid molecule. It is derived from 1,5-benzodiazepines and structurally differentiated by the addition of 1,4-dihydropyridine bonded to the benzodiazepine ring.

Neuroprotective effects of rutin on ASH neurons in model of Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, progressive neurodegenerative disease. It occurs due to a mutated huntingtin gene that contains an abnormal expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine repeats, leading to a variable-length N-terminal polyglutamine (polyQ) chain. The mutation confers toxic functions to mutant huntingtin protein, causing neurodegeneration.

Antimycobacterial activity of (Asteraceae) aqueous extract from Southern Brazil.

aqueous extract was obtained by macerating wildflowers. The phytochemical profile present in the aqueous extract was elucidated by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Toxicity was evaluated by comet assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and using as a model.

Leaf Extract as a Potential Antioxidant Molecule Using In Vitro and In Vivo Assays.

The genus is widely used in traditional folk medicine, but few scientific data exist for this genus. The goal of this study was to characterise the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of leaf extracts using and assays. Six extracts were obtained: hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), ethanol (EE), methanol (ME), water end extract (WEE), and water extract (WE).

Simvastatin-loaded nanoemulsions: development, characterization, stability study and toxicity assays.

The aim of this study is to prepare and characterize simvastatin-loaded nanoemulsions (SIM-LN) as well as evaluate their physicochemical properties and toxicity. The SIM-LN were prepared, their characteristics evaluated for 30 days, and after that, the SIM-LN toxicity was evaluated using Vero cell culture and the model of . The prepared SIM-LN had an average droplet size of 139 ± 22 nm, with high encapsulation rate (>98.

essential oil from Brazil: phytochemical composition, genotoxicity, protective effects on and antimycobacterial activity.

(Weinm) DC. essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of wild flowers from southern Brazil. We explored, for the first time, the phytochemical composition, toxicity, resistance to oxidative stress in , and antimycobacterial activities of essential oil.

Diphenyl diselenide protects a Caenorhabditis elegans model for Huntington's disease by activation of the antioxidant pathway and a decrease in protein aggregation.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, progressive neurodegenerative disease with a distinct phenotype. It occurs due to a mutation in the huntingtin (or IT19) gene with an abnormal CAG repeat, leading to a variable length N-terminal polyglutamine chain (poly-Q). Like most neurodegenerative diseases, HD is characterized by the abnormal deposition and aggregation of proteins in the cell, which impairs the proteostasis and disrupts cellular homeostasis.

Characterization of a new blackberry cultivar BRS Xingu: Chemical composition, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity in vitro and in vivo.

The cultivar BRS Xingu was launched by EMBRAPA in 2015 with the intention of presenting higher productivity. Due to the lack of studies on this cultivar, the objective was to present the physical-chemical, centesimal, and phenolic composition of the BRS Xingu blackberry, its antioxidant capacity, protection against ROS generation, and compare it with other commercialized cultivars such as Guarani, Tupy, and Xavante. The BRS Xingu was prominent regarding anthocyanin and condensed tannin content and superior to the other cultivars.

Rutin protects Huntington's disease through the insulin/IGF1 (IIS) signaling pathway and autophagy activity: Study in Caenorhabditis elegans model.

Huntington's disease (HD) is inherited neurodegenerative disease, it is characterized by excessive motor movements and cognitive and emotional deficits. HD is caused by an abnormally long polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the huntingtin (Htt) protein, which confers toxic functions to mutant Htt leading to neurodegeneration. Rutin is a flavonoid found in plants, buckwheat, some teas and also in apples.

extract provides increased resistance against oxidative stress and protection against Amyloid beta-induced toxicity compared to caffeine in .

is a plant from South America, used to prepare a tea-like beverage rich in caffeine and polyphenols with antioxidant proprieties. Caffeine consumption is associated with a lower risk of age-associated neuropathologies, besides several extracts that have antioxidant proprieties are known to be neuroprotective, and oxidative stress strongly correlates with Aβ-toxicity. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the hydroalcoholic extract (IPHE) and to evaluate if caffeine agent present in IPHE exerts neuroprotective effects in an amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ)-induced toxicity in The wild-type and CL2006 worms were treated with IPHE (2 and 4 mg/mL) or caffeine (200 and 400 μM) since larval stage 1 (L1) until they achieved the required age for each assay.

MPMT-OX up-regulates GABAergic transmission and protects against seizure-like behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The signal transmission in the nervous system operates through a sensitive balance between excitatory (E) inputs and inhibitory (I) responses. Imbalances in this system contribute to the development of pathologies such as seizures. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the locomotor circuit operates via the coordinated activity of cholinergic excitatory (E) and GABAergic inhibitory (I) transmission.

Guanosine Prevents against Glutamatergic Excitotoxicity in C. elegans.

Glutamatergic neurotransmission is present in most mammalian excitatory synapses and plays a key role in central nervous system homeostasis. When over-activated, it can induce excitotoxicity, which is present in several neuropathologies. The nucleoside guanosine (GUO) is a guanine-based purine known to have neuroprotective effects by modulating glutamatergic system during glutamate excitotoxicity in mammals.

Ilex paraguariensis modulates fat metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans through purinergic system (ADOR-1) and nuclear hormone receptor (NHR-49) pathways.

Ilex paraguariensis is a well-known plant that is widely consumed in South America, primarily as a drink called mate. Mate is described to have stimulant and medicinal properties. Considering the potential anti-lipid effects of I.

Guarana ( Mart.) protects against amyloid-β toxicity in through heat shock protein response activation.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder that causes significant disruption in normal brain functioning, representing the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. The main hallmark of AD is the presence of amyloid plaques in the brain formed by the deposition of insoluble amyloid protein (Aβ) outside of neurons. Despite intensive investigation of the mechanisms of AD pathogenesis during the past three decades, little has been achieved in terms of effective treatments or ways to prevent the disease.

Quinolinic acid and glutamatergic neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an endogenous neurotoxin that acts as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) agonist generating a toxic cascade, which can lead to neurodegeneration. The action of QUIN in Caenorhabditis elegans and the neurotoxins that allow the study of glutamatergic system disorders have not been carefully addressed. The effects of QUIN on toxicological and behavioral parameters in VM487 and VC2623 transgenic, as well as wild-type (WT) animals were performed to evaluate whether QUIN could be used as a neurotoxin in C.