Structure and Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of Sulfated Capsular Polysaccharide from the Marine Bacterium sp. KMM 8419.

sp. KMM 8419 (=CB1-14) is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from a food-net mucus sample of marine polychaete collected in the Sea of Japan. Here, we report the structure and biosynthetic gene cluster of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) from strain KMM 8419.

Structure of Genes Encoding Oxidosqualene Cyclases-Key Enzymes of Triterpenoid Biosynthesis from Sea Cucumber .

Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) are enzymes responsible for converting linear triterpenes into tetracyclic ones, which are known as precursors of other important and bioactive metabolites. Two OSCs genes encoding parkeol synthase and lanostadienol synthase have been found in representatives of the genera and (family Stichopodidae, order Synallactida). As a limited number of sea cucumber OSCs have been studied thus far, OSCs encoding gene(s) of the sea cucumber (family Sclerodactylidae, order Dendrochirotida) were investigated to fill this gap.

In Silico Prediction of Alkaline Phosphatase Interaction with the Natural Inhibitory 5-Azaindoles Guitarrin C and D.

The natural 5-azaindoles, marine sponge guitarrin C and D, were observed to exert inhibitory activity against a highly active alkaline phosphatase (ALP) CmAP of the PhoA family from the marine bacterium , with IC values of 8.5 and 110 µM, respectively. The superimposition of CmAP complexes with -nitrophenyl phosphate (NPP), a commonly used chromogenic aryl substrate for ALP, and the inhibitory guitarrins C, D, and the non-inhibitory guitarrins A, B, and E revealed that the presence of a carboxyl group at C6 together with a hydroxyl group at C8 is a prerequisite for the inhibitory effect of 5-azaindoles on ALP activity.

Description and Whole-Genome Sequencing of sp. nov., Isolated from the Shallow Sediments of the Sea of Japan.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, KMM 9835, was isolated from the sediment sample obtained from the Amur Bay of the Sea of Japan seashore, Russia. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences positioned the novel strain KMM 9835 in the genus as a separate line sharing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.6% and 96.

New Zosteropenillines and Pallidopenillines from the Seagrass-Derived Fungus KMM 4679.

Ten new decalin polyketides, zosteropenilline M (), 11--8-hydroxyzosteropenilline M (), zosteropenilline N (), 8-hydroxyzosteropenilline G (), zosteropenilline O (), zosteropenilline P (), zosteropenilline Q (), 13-dehydroxypallidopenilline A (), zosteropenilline R () and zosteropenilline S (), together with known zosteropenillines G () and J (), pallidopenilline A () and 1-acetylpallidopenilline A (), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fungus KMM 4679 associated with the seagrass . The structures of isolated compounds were established based on spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of zosteropenilline Q () and zosteropenilline S () were determined using a combination of the modified Mosher's method and ROESY data.

Metabolite profiles of Paragliomastix luzulae (formerly named as Acremonium striatisporum) KMM 4401 and its co-cultures with Penicillium hispanicum KMM 4689.

The marine holothurian-derived fungal strain KMM 4401 has been identified as Paragliomastix luzulae using 28S rDNA, ITS regions and the partial TEF1 gene sequences. The metabolite profile of the fungal culture was studied by UPLC-MS technique. The strain KMM 4401 is a source of various virescenoside-type isopimarane glycosides suggested as chemotaxonomic feature for this fungal species.

New piperazine derivatives helvamides B-C from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium velutinum ZK-14 uncovered by OSMAC (One Strain Many Compounds) strategy.

Four extracts of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium velutinum J.F.H.

In-Depth Genome Characterization and Pan-Genome Analysis of Strain KMM 296, a Producer of Highly Active Alkaline Phosphatase; Proposal for the Reclassification of and as the Later Heterotypic Synonyms of and , and Emended Description of the Species and .

A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, and motile bacterium, designated strain KMM 296, isolated from the coelomic fluid of the mussel , was investigated in detail due to its ability to produce a highly active alkaline phosphatase CmAP of the structural family PhoA. A previous taxonomic study allocated the strain to the species , a member of the family of the class . However, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed KMM 296's relatedness to NRIC 0815.

The Discovery of the Fucoidan-Active Endo-1→4-α-L-Fucanase of the GH168 Family, Which Produces Fucoidan Derivatives with Regular Sulfation and Anticoagulant Activity.

Sulfated polysaccharides of brown algae, fucoidans, are known for their anticoagulant properties, similar to animal heparin. Their complex and irregular structure is the main bottleneck in standardization and in defining the relationship between their structure and bioactivity. Fucoidan-active enzymes can be effective tools to overcome these problems.

Bioactive Polyketides from the Natural Complex of the Sea Urchin-Associated Fungi KMM 4718 and KMM 4747.

The marine-derived fungal strains KMM 4718 and KMM 4747 isolated from sea urchin as a natural fungal complex were identified as and based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (), partial β-tubulin (), and calmodulin () molecular markers as well as an ribosomal polymerase two, subunit two () region for KMM 4747. From the ethyl acetate extract of the co-culture, two new polyketides, sajaroketides A () and B (), together with (2'S)-7-hydroxy-2-(2'-hydroxypropyl)-5-methylchromone (), altechromone A (), norlichexanthone (), griseoxanthone C (), 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-8-methylxanthone (), griseofulvin (), 6-O-desmethylgriseofulvin (), dechlorogriseofulvin (), and 5,6-dihydro-4-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one () were identified. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic analyses.

New Cyclopiane Diterpenes and Polyketide Derivatives from Marine Sediment-Derived Fungus KMM 4670 and Their Biological Activities.

Two new cyclopiane diterpenes and a new cladosporin precursor, together with four known related compounds, were isolated from the marine sediment-derived fungus KMM 4670, which was re-identified based on phylogenetic inference from ITS, , , and gene regions. The absolute stereostructures of the isolated cyclopianes were determined using modified Mosher's method and quantum chemical calculations of the ECD spectra. The isolation from the natural source of two biosynthetic precursors of cladosporin from a natural source has been reported for the first time.

The Metabolite Profiling of KMM4631 and Its Co-Cultures with Other Marine Fungi.

An KMM 4631 strain was previously isolated from a Pacific soft coral sp. sample and was found to be a source of a number of bioactive secondary metabolites. The aims of this work are the confirmation of this strain' identification based on ITS, , , and regions/gene sequences and the investigation of secondary metabolite profiles of KMM 4631 culture and its co-cultures with KMM 4689, sp.

gen. nov., sp. nov., a Marine Alphaproteobacterium Isolated from the Pacific Red Alga : Phenotypic Characterization and Pan-Genome Analysis.

A novel Gram-staining negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, and non-motile bacterium, designated strain 10Alg 79, was isolated from the red alga . A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the novel strain within the family , class , phylum , where the nearest neighbor was ZQ172 (97.33% of identity).

Characterization and Genomic Analysis of gen. nov., sp. nov., Isolated from the Sandy Sediments of the Sea of Japan Seashore.

The taxonomic status of two gram-negative, whitish-pigmented motile bacteria KMM 9576 and KMM 9553 isolated from a sandy sediment sample from the Sea of Japan seashore was defined. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains KMM 9576 and KMM 9553 represent a distinct lineage within the family sharing 100% 16S rRNA sequence similarity and 99.5% average nucleotide identity (ANI) to each other.

Bioprospecting of Sea Anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria) for β-Defensin-like α-Amylase Inhibitors.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious diseases of our century. The drugs used are limited or have serious side effects. The search for new sources of compounds for effective treatment is relevant.

Description and genome-wide analysis of Profundicola chukchiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., marine bacteria isolated from bottom sediments of the Chukchi Sea.

Two Gram-negative, aerobic halophilic non-motile strains designated KMM 9713 and KMM 9724T were isolated from the bottom sediments sampled from the Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean, Russia. The novel strains grew in 0.5-5% NaCl, at 7-42°C, and pH 5.

Computational Insight into Intraspecies Distinctions in : Carotenoid-like Synthesis Traits and Genomic Heterogeneity.

Advances in the computational annotation of genomes and the predictive potential of current metabolic models, based on more than thousands of experimental phenotypes, allow them to be applied to identify the diversity of metabolic pathways at the level of ecophysiology differentiation within taxa and to predict phenotypes, secondary metabolites, host-associated interactions, survivability, and biochemical productivity under proposed environmental conditions. The significantly distinctive phenotypes of members of the marine bacterial species and an inability to use common molecular markers make their identification within the genus and prediction of their biotechnology potential impossible without genome-scale analysis and metabolic reconstruction. A new strain, KMM 6257, of a carotenoid-like phenotype, isolated from a deep-habituating starfish, emended the description of , particularly in the temperature growth range from 4 to 37 °C.

Molecular Cloning and Characteristics of a Lectin from the Bivalve .

C-type lectins (CTLs) are a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that mediate multiple biological events, including adhesion between cells, the turnover of serum glycoproteins, and innate immune system reactions to prospective invaders. Here, we describe the cDNA cloning of lectin from the bivalve (GYL), which encodes 161 amino acids and the C-type carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) with EPN and WND motifs. The deduced amino acid sequence showed similarity to other CTLs.

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Are Novel Targets of APETx-like Toxins from the Sea Anemone .

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are prototypical ligand-gated ion channels, provide cholinergic signaling, and are modulated by various venom toxins and drugs in addition to neurotransmitters. Here, four APETx-like toxins, including two new toxins, named Hmg 1b-2 Met and Hmg 1b-5, were isolated from the sea anemone and characterized as novel nAChR ligands and acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) modulators. All peptides competed with radiolabeled α-bungarotoxin for binding to muscle-type and human α7 nAChRs.

Microbulbifer okhotskensis sp. nov., isolated from a deep bottom sediment of the Okhotsk Sea.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterium КMM 9862 was isolated from a deep bottom sediment sample obtained from the Okhotsk Sea, Russia. Based on the 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences analyses the novel strain КMM 9862 fell into the genus Microbulbifer (class Gammaproteobacteria) sharing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4% to Microbulbifer echini AM134 and Microbulbifer epialgicus F-104, 97.

Algicella marina gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium isolated from a Pacific red alga.

A novel Gram-staining negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, and non-motile bacterium, designated strain 9Alg 56, was isolated from the red alga Tichocarpus crinitus. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the novel strain within the family Rhodobacteraceae, the order Rhodobacterales, the class Alphaproteobacteria, the phylum Pseudomonadota. The nearest neighbors of the new strain were Pontivivens insulae KCTC 42458, Oceanibium sediminis KCTC 62076, Halovulum dunhuangense YYQ-30 and Monaibacterium marinum C7 with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.

Expression of membrane beta-barrel protein in E. coli at low temperatures: Structure of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis OmpF porin inclusion bodies.

The recombinant OmpF porin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis as a model of transmembrane protein of the β-barrel structural family was used to study low growth temperature effect on the structure of the produced inclusion bodies (IBs). This porin showed a very low expression level in E. coli at a growth temperature below optimal 37 °C.

Aureibaculum algae sp. nov. isolated from the Pacific red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis.

A Gram stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 10Alg 115, was isolated from the red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the novel strain within the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes. The nearest neighbor of the new isolate was Aureibaculum marinum KCTC 62204 with sequence similarity of 98.

Deep-Sea Anemones Are Prospective Source of New Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Compounds.

The peculiarities of the survival and adaptation of deep-sea organisms raise interest in the study of their metabolites as promising drugs. In this work, the hemolytic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and enzyme-inhibitory activities of tentacle extracts from five species of sea anemones (Cnidaria, orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) collected near the Kuril and Commander Islands of the Far East of Russia were evaluated for the first time. The extracts of and demonstrated maximal hemolytic activity, while high cytotoxic activity against murine splenocytes and Ehrlich carcinoma cells was found in the extract of .

Differential Expression of General Porin Genes during Short- and Long-Term Antibiotic Stresses.

Here, we investigated general porin regulation in 488, the causative agent of Far Eastern scarlet-like fever, in response to sublethal concentrations of antibiotics. We chose four antibiotics of different classes and measured gene expression using qRT-PCR and GFP reporter systems. Our data showed temporal regulation of the general porin genes and caused by antibiotic stress.