Markers of Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: New in Molecular Oncology.

It is known that complete pathomorphological response (pCR) after neoadjuvant therapy (NAC) in patients with breast cancer (BC) correlates with higher rates of recurrence-free and overall survival. In turn, the widespread use of neoadjuvant therapy for the treatment of breast cancer defines the clinical need for prognostic markers of response to ongoing therapy. Currently, some clinicopathological prognostic factors are used to assess the potential benefit of neoadjuvant systemic therapy for female patients, but they have limited applicability.

Mechanisms and significance of entosis for tumour growth and progression.

To date, numerous mechanisms have been identified in which one cell engulfs another, resulting in the creation of 'cell-in-cell' (CIC) structures, which subsequently cause cell death. One of the mechanisms of formation of these structures is entosis, which is presumably associated with possible carcinogenesis and tumour progression. The peculiarity of the process is that entotic cells themselves actively invade the host cell, and afterwards have several possible variants of fate.

Microarray Analysis for Transcriptomic Profiling of Myocardium in Patients with Fatal Myocardial Infarction.

Transcriptomic evidence from human myocardium in myocardial infarction (MI) is still not sufficient. Thus, there is a need for studies on human cardiac samples in relation to the clinical data of patients. The purpose of our pilot study was to investigate the transcriptomic profile of myocardium in the infarct zone, in comparison to the remote myocardium, in patients with fatal MI, via microarray analysis.

Organ-Specificity of Breast Cancer Metastasis.

Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. Breast cancer shows metastatic heterogeneity with priority to different organs, which leads to differences in prognosis and response to therapy among patients. The main targets for metastasis in BC are the bone, lung, liver and brain.

Mutations of , , and Genes in Breast Tumor Tissue: Relationship with the Effectiveness of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Disease Prognosis.

Unlabelled: It has been shown that the loss of function of the , , and genes due to a number of hereditary mutations or chromosomal aberrations can affect the effectiveness of chemotherapy treatment and disease prognosis in patients with various types of cancer, and in particular in breast cancer. Thus, the aim of the work was to evaluate the predictive and prognostic potential of DNA copy number aberrations and mutations in the , , and genes in breast tumors.

Materials And Methods: The study included 66 patients with breast cancer.

WNT-Conditioned Mechanism of Exit from Postchemotherapy Shock of Differentiated Tumour Cells.

Background: the present study aims to prove or disprove the hypothesis that the state of copy number aberration (CNA) activation of WNT signalling pathway genes accounts for the ability of differentiated tumour cells to emerge from postchemotherapy shock.

Methods: In the first step, the CNA genetic landscape of breast cancer cell lines BT-474, BT-549, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MD-468, MCF7, SK-BR-3 and T47D, which were obtained from ATCC, was examined to rank cell cultures according to the degree of ectopic activation of the WNT signalling pathway. Then two lines of T47D with ectopic activation and BT-474 without activation were selected.

Tumor-associated macrophages respond to chemotherapy by detrimental transcriptional reprogramming and suppressing stabilin-1 mediated clearance of EGF.

Introduction: Tumor resistance to chemotherapy and metastatic relapse account for more than 90% of cancer specific mortality. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can process chemotherapeutic agents and impair their action. Little is known about the direct effects of chemotherapy on TAMs.

DNA Methylation and Prospects for Predicting the Therapeutic Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Triple-Negative and Luminal B Breast Cancer.

Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (BC), the main cause of deaths is resistance to existing therapies. An approach to improve the effectiveness of therapy in patients with aggressive BC subtypes is neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Yet, the response to NACT for aggressive subtypes is less than 65% according to large clinical trials.

Human Papillomavirus in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Assessing Virus Presence in Tumor and Normal Tissues and Its Clinical Relevance.

Unlabelled: The significance of the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of lung cancer remains an open question. The data from the literature do not provide conclusive evidence of HPV being involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. The aim of this work was to detect the presence of HPV infections with a high carcinogenic risk in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Determination of BRCAness Phenotype in Breast Tumors for the Appointment of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Based on Platinum and Taxanes.

The concept of BRCAness was developed because of similarities between sporadic and hereditary breast cancer. BRCAness defines the pathogenesis and treatment sensitivity of many types of cancer, as well as the presence of a defect in the homologous recombination repair of tumor cells simulating the loss of or , as in the presence of germline mutations. The question of treatment effectiveness for BRCA-like tumors is controversial and open.

Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Breast Cancer Tumors during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Association with Hematogenous Metastasis.

The assessment of molecular genetic landscape changes during NAC and the relationship between molecular signatures in residual tumors are promising approaches for identifying effective markers of outcome in breast cancer. The majority of the data in the literature present the relationship between the molecular genetic landscape and the response to NAC or are simply descriptive. The present study aimed to determine changes in expression profiles during NAC and assess the relationship between gene expression and the outcome of patients with luminal B HER2 breast cancer depending on distant hematogenous metastasis.

Personalized Prescription of Chemotherapy Based on Assessment of mRNA Expression of BRCA1, RRM1, ERCC1, TOP1, TOP2α, TUBβ3, TYMS, and GSTP1 Genes in Tumors Compared to Standard Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Objectives: A growing body of evidence suggests the important role of chemosensitive gene expression in the prognosis of patients with lung cancer. However, studies on combined gene expression assessments for personalized prescriptions of chemotherapy regimens in patients have not yet been conducted. The aim of this work was to conduct a prospective study on the appointment of personalized chemotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

DNA Copy Number Aberrations and Expression of ABC Transporter Genes in Breast Tumour: Correlation with the Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Prognosis of the Disease.

Unlabelled: One of the important reasons for the ineffectiveness of chemotherapy in breast cancer (BC) is considered to be the formation of a multidrug resistance phenotype in tumour cells, which is caused by the expression of energy-dependent ABC transporters. The aim of this work was to assess chromosomal aberrations and the level of transcripts of all 49 known ABC transporter genes in breast tumours.

Materials And Methods: The study included 129 patients with breast cancer.

Tumour Stem Cells in Breast Cancer.

Tumour stem cells (CSCs) are a self-renewing population that plays important roles in tumour initiation, recurrence, and metastasis. Although the medical literature is extensive, problems with CSC identification and cancer therapy remain. This review provides the main mechanisms of CSC action in breast cancer (BC): CSC markers and signalling pathways, heterogeneity, plasticity, and ecological behaviour.

Stem gene expression in breast tumors during chemotherapy: Connection with the main clinical and morphological factors and the disease outcome.

Introduction: In this research, we studied how the expression of 14 stem genes (TERT; OCT3; SMO; MYC; SNAI2; MOB3B; KLF4; BMI1; VIM; FLT3; LAT; SMAD2; LMNB2; KLF1), as well as the TGF-β1 cytokine gene and its TGFBR1 receptor in breast tumors before and after NAC is associated with clinical and morphological parameters and the disease outcome.

Materials And Methods: The study included 82 patients with the morphologically verified diagnosis of T1-4N0-3M0 breast cancer (stages IIA - IIIB). The material was paired biopsy samples of tumor and surgical material for each patient.

Predictive and Prognostic Significance of mRNA Expression and DNA Copies Aberrations of , , , , , , and Genes in Patients with Breast Cancer.

Unlabelled: Increasingly, many researchers are focusing on the sensitivity in breast tumors (BC) to certain chemotherapy drugs and have personalized their research based on the assessment of this sensitivity. One such personalized approach is to assess the chemotherapy's gene expression, as well as aberrations in the number of DNA copies-deletions and amplifications with the ability to have a significant effect on the gene's activity. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the predictive and prognostic significance of the expression and chromosomal aberrations of eight chemosensitivity genes in breast cancer patients.

Abscopal effect in the radio and immunotherapy.

This review is devoted to a rare in clinical practice, but promising phenomenon of regression distant non-irradiated metastases in combination therapy of cancer patients. R. H.

Molecular-Genetic Portrait of Breast Cancer with Triple Negative Phenotype.

Understanding of the genetic mechanisms and identification of the biological markers of tumor progression that form the individual molecular phenotype of transformed cells can characterize the degree of tumor malignancy, the ability to metastasize, the hormonal sensitivity, and the effectiveness of chemotherapy, etc. Breast cancer (BC) is a genetically heterogeneous disease with different molecular biological and clinical characteristics. The available knowledge about the genetic heterogeneity of the most aggressive molecular subtype of breast cancer-triple-negative (TN)-has led to discoveries in drug treatment, including the use of DNA damaging agents (platinum and PARP inhibitors) for these tumors, as well as the use of immunotherapy.

Amplifications of Stemness Gene Loci-New Markers for the Determination of the Need for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients with Breast Cancer. A Prospective Study.

In this prospective study, a new strategy for the prescription of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was prospectively tested and depended on the presence of stemness gene amplifications in the tumor before treatment, which in our early studies showed a connection with metastasis. The study included 92 patients with grade IIA-IIIB luminal B breast cancer. Patients underwent a biopsy before treatment, and with the use of a CytoScan HD Array microarray (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA), the presence of stemness gene amplifications (3q, 5p, 6p, 7q, 8q, 13q, 9p, 9q, 10p, 10q21.

Transcriptome of Breast Tumors With Different Amplification Status of the Long Arm of Chromosome 8.

Background: Amplification of chromosome 8q with locus 8q24 is the most common copy number aberration, and is associated with tumour progression and chemoresistance.

Materials And Methods: The study used paired samples of biopsy and surgical material from 60 patients with breast cancer. The amplification status of 8q was determined using a CytoScan HD Array microarray; complete transcriptomic analysis was performed using a Human Clariom S Assays microarray (Affymetrix, USA).

Amplifications of stemness genes and the capacity of breast tumors for metastasis.

Introduction: The phenomenon of non-CSC (cancer stem cell) to CSC plasticity has been previously described in multiple studies and occurs during the ectopic expression of stemness genes such as , , , , , and . In our opinion, acquiring the ability to ectopically express stemness genes, selected by bioinformatics analysis and, accordingly, non-CSC to CSC plasticity, is due to amplification of genes at the following locations: 3q, 5p, 6p, 7q, 8q, 13q, 9p, 9q, 10p, 10q21.1, 16p, 18chr, 19p.

DNA methylation markers panel can improve prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in luminal B breast cancer.

Despite the advantages of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), associated toxicity is a serious complication that renders monitoring of the patients' response to NACT highly important. Thus, prediction of tumor response to treatment is imperative to avoid exposure of potential non-responders to deleterious complications. We have performed genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation by XmaI-RRBS and selected CpG dinucleotides differential methylation of which discriminates luminal B breast cancer samples with different sensitivity to NACT.