Age and Post-Prandial Variations on Selected Metabolites in Dairy Calves Fed Different Liquid Diets.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the age and post-prandial variations in selected metabolite concentration that may indicate a shift in metabolism, from pre- to functional ruminant, according to the liquid diet fed to dairy calves. Sixteen newborn Holstein calves were included in the study in a randomized complete block experimental design. The calves were individually housed and fed 6 L/d with whole milk (WM) or milk replacer (MR).

Evaluation of different liquid diets associated with environmental enrichment in the performance and behaviour of dairy calves.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two liquid diets and the use of environmental enrichment (EE) in individually housed calves fed in open buckets. The treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design, with factor 1 as the liquid diets: Whole Milk (WM) or Milk Replacer (MR); and factor 2 as absence or presence of environmental enrichment (brushes and a dry teat). Twenty-four newborn Holstein calves were distributed in four treatments: (1) WM; (2) WM + EE; (3) MR; and (4) MR + EE.

Comparative study of different liquid diets for dairy calves and the impact on performance and the bacterial community during diarrhea.

The liquid diet composition can affect dairy calves' performance and diarrhea incidence. The effect of three liquid diets on performance, incidence of diarrhea, and microbial community during diarrhea occurrence in dairy calves were evaluated. At birth, 35 dairy calves (20 male and 15 female) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments-refrigerated whole milk (WM), acidified whole milk (AWM), and milk replacer (MR).