Prognostication of OCT4 isoform expression in prostate cancer.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) refer to a subset of tumor cells that self-renew and affect tumor heterogeneity. This model has attracted considerable interest in recent years due to its implications in the prognosis and clinical management of cancer because CSCs mediate the occurrence, growth, and recurrence of tumors. OCT4 is central to embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation into specific lineages and encodes two chief isoforms that are generated by alternative splicing--OCT4A and OCT4B.

Prognostication of prostate cancer based on TOP2A protein and gene assessment: TOP2A in prostate cancer.

Background: TOP2A encodes for topoisomerase IIα, a nuclear enzyme that controls DNA topological structure and cell cycle progression. This enzyme is a marker of cell proliferation in normal and neoplastic tissues; however, little information is available about its expression in prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was automated using mouse monoclonal antibody against TOP2A (clone SWT3D1; DAKO, Carpenteria, CA, USA) at dilution 1:800 and Flex Plus detection system in autostainer 48Ultra (DAKO).