Immunometabolic reprogramming in macrophages infected with active and dormant : differential modulation of respiration, glycolysis, and fatty acid utilization.

Dormancy is an adaptation in which cells reduce their metabolism, transcription, and translation to stay alive under stressful conditions, preserving the capacity to reactivate once the environment reverts to favorable conditions. Dormancy and reactivation of () are closely linked to intracellular residency within macrophages. Our previous work showed that murine macrophages rely on the viable but not cultivable (VBNC-a dormancy phenotype) fungus from active , with striking differences in immunometabolic gene expression.

Direct and Abscopal Antitumor Responses Elicited by AlPcNE-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in a Murine Melanoma Model.

Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, presents a major clinical challenge due to its tendency to metastasize and recalcitrance to traditional therapies. Despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the outlook for advanced melanoma remains bleak, reinforcing the urgent need for more effective treatments. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising alternative, leading to targeted tumor destruction with minimal harm to surrounding tissues.

Kicking sleepers out of bed: Macrophages promote reactivation of dormant Cryptococcus neoformans by extracellular vesicle release and non-lytic exocytosis.

Macrophages play a key role in disseminated cryptococcosis, a deadly fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. This opportunistic infection can arise following the reactivation of a poorly characterized latent infection attributed to dormant C. neoformans.

Dectin-2 is critical for phagocyte function and resistance to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mice.

Germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors, particularly C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), are essential for phagocytes to sense invading fungal cells. Among CLRs, Dectin-2 (encoded by Clec4n) plays a critical role in the antifungal immune response as it recognizes high-mannose polysaccharides on the fungal cell wall, triggering phagocyte functional activities and ultimately determining adaptive responses. Here, we assessed the role of Dectin-2 on the course of primary Paracoccidioides brasiliensis systemic infection in mice with Dectin-2-targeted deletion.

Phylogenetic relations among Mexican phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and their divergence time estimation.

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) have biological relevance as vectors of several pathogens. To ensure periodic entomological monitoring it is necessary to have efficient and accurate tools for an adequate taxonomic identification. There are only few studies on phylogenetic analyses of phlebotomine sand flies from Neotropics, based mostly on morphological and/or molecular data, which makes the delimitation of intra- and interspecific variability of species challenging.

Molecular detection of Wolbachia and Bartonella as part of the microbiome of phlebotomine sand flies from Chiapas, Mexico.

Phlebotomine sand flies are dipterans of relevance due to their role as vectors of several pathogens worldwide. Bacteria in the gut of sand flies possibly affect their vectorial capacity and competence to transmit parasites. A retrospective study was performed in sand fly specimens that had previously been collected in four localities of the state of Chiapas during the period 2009-2011 to detect Wolbachia and Bartonella and their possible coinfection with Leishmania.

A new oncoplastic technique with immediate nipple reconstruction for central breast tumors using Würinger's septum-based flap.

Introduction: Centrally located breast tumors represent a challenge for both oncological and reconstructive surgeons, mainly due to the necessity of nipple-areola complex (NAC) removal. We describe an original oncoplastic solution utilizing a displacement flap technique with immediate nipple reconstruction.

Methods: Since 2008, we developed an oncoplastic technique using a septum-based island flap for the reconstruction of central breast defects, including the NAC.

Acceptance of a sterile male releases pilot project to reduce Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations and its associated factors: A community-based cross-sectional survey in South Chiapas, Mexico.

Worldwide, vector-transmitted diseases account for more than 17% of all infectious diseases and cause more than 700,000 deaths annually. The primary strategy to control the transmission of dengue, chikungunya and Zika focuses on the control of their vectors. Vector control programs depend mainly on the use of insecticides.

Pathogenicity and Growth Conditions Modulate Extracellular Vesicles' Ability to Interact With Macrophages.

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous mycosis caused by black, dimorphic, and filamentous fungi of the family, such as species of the genus . These fungi can switch between the saprophytic forms (conidia and hyphae) and the pathogenic form, the muriform cells (MCs), which is considered an essential mechanism for fungal virulence. Nearly all types of cells can produce membranous structures formed by a lipid bilayer that communicate extracellularly with other cells, known as "extracellular vesicles" (EVs), which may act as virulence factors, as observed for several species of pathogenic fungi.

Comparison of Ground Release and Drone-Mediated Aerial Release of Sterile Males in Southern Mexico: Efficacy and Challenges.

Sterile males of Aedes aegypti were released once a week for 8 weeks to evaluate the dispersal efficiency of ground and aerial drone release methods in a rural village of 26 Ha in southern Mexico. Indoor and outdoor BG-Sentinel traps were placed in 13−16 houses distributed throughout the village. The BG traps were activated 48 h after the release of the sterile males and functioned for a 24 h period following each release.

Temporal Viability of and Eggs Using Two Hygroscopic Substances as Preservatives under a Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) Program in Southern Mexico.

Dengue and other -borne diseases have dramatically increased over the last decades. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been successfully used as part of integrated pest strategies to control populations of insect-plant and livestock pests and is currently being tested as a potential method to reduce mosquito populations in an environmentally friendly approach. However, during the mass rearing steps needed to produce millions of mosquitoes, egg storage and preservation are essential for a certain amount of time.

6 Years of Breast Reconstruction in One Center - An Objective Analysis.

Breast cancer represents the most common type of neoplasm in women around the world. Breast reconstruction following mastectomy has become a demanding procedure in the treatment of patients suffering from breast cancer. Their major role is to improve the quality of life of women, leading to better aesthetic outcomes.

Sexual Competitiveness and Induced Egg Sterility by and Gamma-Irradiated Males: A Laboratory and Field Study in Mexico.

The sterile insect technique may prove useful for the suppression of mosquito vectors of medical importance in regions where arboviruses pose a serious public health threat. In the present study, we examined the effects of sterilizing irradiation doses across different ratios of fertile:irradiated males on the mating competitiveness of and under laboratory and field-cage conditions. For both species, the percentage of females inseminated and the number of eggs laid over two gonotrophic cycles varied significantly in mating treatments involving 1:1, 1:5, and 1:10 fertile:irradiated males compared to controls of entirely fertile or entirely irradiated males but was not generally affected by the irradiation dose.

Secretes Small Molecules That Inhibit IL-1 Inflammasome-Dependent Secretion.

is an encapsulated yeast that causes disease mainly in immunosuppressed hosts. It is considered a facultative intracellular pathogen because of its capacity to survive and replicate inside phagocytes, especially macrophages. This ability is heavily dependent on various virulence factors, particularly the glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) component of the polysaccharide capsule.

Physicians' attitudes in relation to end-of-life decisions in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: a national multicenter survey.

Background: End-of-life decisions for neonates with adverse prognosis are controversial and raise ethical and legal issues. In Greece, data on physicians' profiles, motivation, values and attitudes underlying such decisions and the correlation with their background are scarce. The aim was to investigate neonatologists' attitudes in Neonatal Intensive Care Units and correlate them with self-reported practices of end-of-life decisions and with their background data.

Nutritional Conditions Modulate Extracellular Vesicles' Capacity to Elicit Host Immune Response.

is a human pathogenic fungus that mainly afflicts immunocompromised patients. One of its virulence strategies is the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing cargo with immunomodulatory properties. We evaluated EV's characteristics produced by capsular and acapsular strains of (B3501 and ΔCap67, respectively) growing in nutritionally poor or rich media and co-cultures with bone marrow-derived macrophages or dendritic cells from C57BL/6 mice.

Vaginal Reconstruction in Patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome-One Centre Experience.

The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome is a congenital condition in which patients are born with vaginal and uterus agenesis, affecting the ability to have a normal sexual life and to bear children. Vaginal reconstruction is a challenging procedure for plastic surgeons. The aim of this study is to report our experience in the management of twelve patients with congenital absence of the vagina due to the MRKH syndrome.

Comparison of novaluron, pyriproxyfen, spinosad and temephos as larvicides against Aedes aegypti in Chiapas, Mexico.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of three modern larvicides with the organophosphate temephos for control of Aedes aegypti in water tanks in Chiapas.

Materials And Methods: Trials were performed to compare the efficacy of pyriproxyfen, novaluron, two formulations of spinosad (granules and tablets) and temephos in oviposition traps and domestic water tanks.

Results: Pyriproxyfen and temephos provided 2-3 weeks of complete control of larvae in oviposition traps, whereas spinosad granules and novaluron provided 7-12 weeks of control.

Diversity and potential distribution of culicids of medical importance of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.

Objective: To determine the species distribution, abundance, and diversity of culicids in the Yucatan Peninsula (YP); their potential distribution, using ecological niche modeling (ENM), and the risk of contact with urban and rural populations.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out through the YP. The diversity of species was determined with the Shannon index.

Erg6 affects membrane composition and virulence of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.

Ergosterol is the most important membrane sterol in fungal cells and a component not found in the membranes of human cells. We identified the ERG6 gene in the AIDS-associated fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, encoding the sterol C-24 methyltransferase of fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. In this work, we have explored its relationship with high-temperature growth and virulence of C.

Thermographic camera in traumatology, diabetic foot and reconstructive procedures.

Traumatic lacerations, burns and ulcerations are a common cause of admission in the plastic surgery wards. Clinical evaluation alone sometimes provides insufficient or even inaccurate information. Thermographic camera is a new tool that could provide additional information regarding skin vascularization, presence of inflammation or involvement of deep tissue.