Reaping the Chemical Diversity of Using Feature-Based Molecular Networking.

Moringadepsin () and chaetone B () were isolated by us in the course of a conventional chemical screening of CBS 303.81, a fungus belonging to the relatively underexplored family Schizotheciaceae of the phylum Ascomycota. Since these metabolites did not account for the antifungal activity observed in a crude extract of this fungus, we utilized an MS/MS-based molecular networking approach to get a thorough insight into the secondary metabolites produced by this strain.

Arcopilins: A New Family of Biofilm Disruptors from the Soil Fungus .

Biofilms represent a key challenge in the treatment of microbial infections; for instance, causes chronic or fatal infections by forming biofilms on medical devices. Herein, the fungus was found to produce a novel family of PKS-NRPS metabolites that are able to disrupt preformed biofilms of . Arcopilins A-F (-), tetramic acids, and arcopilin G (), a 2-pyridone, were elucidated using HR-ESI-MS and one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Neochetracin: An Unusual Chetracin-Type Epithiodiketopiperazine Derivative Produced by the Fungus .

Epithiodiketopiperazines are a widely distributed class of secondary metabolites originating from an NRPS biosynthetic pathway and featuring diverse biological activities. In this study, the soil-borne fungus FMR 19325 was found to produce a novel chetracin-like epithiodiketopiperazine, neochetracin (), featuring a unique C-11a'-S-N cross-linkage, along with the known congener, chetracin B (). Chemical structures were elucidated based on HR-ESI-MS and comprehensive 1D/2D NMR spectroscopic analyses.

Secondary metabolites of , isolated from the Cameroonian medicinal plant .

From a fresh root of (Ulmaceae), endophytic fungi were isolated, among which a taxon belonging to the new species . This strain was fermented in shake flask batch cultures and the broth was extracted with ethyl acetate. From the crude extract, a hemiketal polyketide , and an acetylated alternariol were isolated, along with fifteen known secondary metabolites.

Four new endophytic species of (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) isolated from Cameroon.

The genus (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) is a large group of fungi frequently reported as phytopathogens, with ubiquitous distribution across the globe. have traditionally been characterized by the morphology of their ana- and teleomorphic state, revealing a high degree of heterogeneity as soon as DNA sequencing was utilized across the different members of the group. Their relevance for biotechnology and agriculture attracts the attention of taxonomists and natural product chemists alike in context of plant protection and exploitation for their potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites.

Panapophenanthrin, a Rare Oligocyclic Diterpene from .

During the course of our search for biologically active secondary metabolites from fungal cultures, a new oligocyclic diterpenoidal derivative, panapophenanthrin (), was isolated from . In addition, two known metabolites, panepophenanthrin () and dihydrohypnophilin (), were also obtained. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectral analyses together with high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS).

Unprecedented Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Polyketides from Cultures of sp. nov.

Four unprecedented polyketides named isoprenylisobenzofuran B (), isoprenylisobenzofuran C/C (), diaporisoindole F/F (), and isochromophilonol A/A () were isolated from ethyl acetate extracts of the newly described endophytic fungus . Additionally, the previously reported cyclic depsipeptide eucalactam B () was also identified, along with the known compounds diaporisoindole A/B (), tenellone B () and beauvericin (). The taxonomic identification of the fungus was accomplished using a polyphasic approach combining multi-gene phylogenetic analysis and microscopic morphological characters.

Plant-growth promoting activity of three fungal endophytes isolated from plants living in dehesas and their effect on Lolium multiflorum.

Endophytic fungi have been demonstrated to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, some of which promote plant growth. Three endophytic fungi isolated from healthy plants living in dehesas of Extremadura (Spain) were identified and evaluated for their ability to produce phytohormone-like substances, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, phosphate solubilization ability and siderophore and ammonia production. The filtrates and extracts produced by the three endophytes were applied to Lolium multiflorum seeds and seedlings under both in vitro and greenhouse conditions, to analyse their influence on plant growth traits such as germination, vigour index, chlorophyll data, number and length of leaves and roots, and dry weight.

sp. nov., Producer of the Antifungal Class of Antibiotics Dactylfungins.

During a study of the diversity of soilborne fungi from Spain, a strain belonging to the family Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) was isolated. The multigene phylogenetic inference using five DNA loci showed that this strain represents an undescribed species of the genus , herein introduced as sp. nov.

New polyketides from the liquid culture of sp. nov. (Diaporthales, Diaporthaceae).

During the course of a study on the biodiversity of endophytes from Cameroon, a fungal strain was isolated. A multigene phylogenetic inference using five DNA loci revealed that this strain represents an undescribed species of , which is introduced here as . Investigation into the chemistry of this fungus led to the isolation of two previously undescribed secondary metabolites for which the trivial names fusaristatins G () and H () are proposed, together with eleven known compounds.

Unreported cytochalasins from an acid-mediated transformation of cytochalasin J isolated from Diaporthe cf. ueckeri.

Chemical investigation of an endophytic fungus herein identified as Diaporthe cf. ueckeri yielded four known compounds, named cytochalasins H and J and dicerandrols A and B. Reports of acid sensitivity within the cytochalasan family inspired an attempt of acid-mediated conversion of cytochalasins H and J, resulting in the acquisition of five polycyclic cytochalasins featuring 5/6/5/8-fused tetracyclic and 5/6/6/7/5-fused pentacyclic skeletons.

Meroterpenoids Possibly Produced by a Bacterial Endosymbiont of the Tropical Basidiomycete .

A mycelial culture of the African basidiomycete cf. was studied for biologically active secondary metabolites, and four compounds were isolated from its crude extract derived from shake flask fermentations, using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pure metabolites were identified using extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS).

: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell.

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family . Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded.

Morinagadepsin, a Depsipeptide from the Fungus gen. et comb. nov.

The new genus is introduced herein to accommodate the fungus as inferred from a phylogenetic study based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear rDNA large subunit (LSU), and partial fragments of ribosomal polymerase II subunit 2 (2) and β-tubulin (2) genes. was analyzed for the production of secondary metabolites, resulting in the isolation of a new depsipeptide named morinagadepsin (), and the already known chaetone B (). While the planar structure of was elucidated by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry, the absolute configuration of the building blocks Ala, Val, and Leu was determined as -l by Marfey's method.

Three New Derivatives of Zopfinol from gen. et comb. nov.

was analyzed for the production of secondary metabolites, resulting in the isolation of known zopfinol () and its new derivatives zopfinol B-C (), the 10-membered lactones 7-O-acetylmultiplolide A () and 8-O-acetylmultiplolide A (), together with sordarin (), sordarin B (), and hypoxysordarin (). The absolute configuration of was elucidated by the synthesis of MPTA-esters. Compound showed antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria and and the fungus .

Seven New Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Xanthoquinodins from .

During the course of a screening for novel biologically active secondary metabolites produced by the Sordariomycetes (Ascomycota, Fungi), the ex-type strain of was found to produce seven novel xanthone-anthraquinone heterodimers, xanthoquinodin A11 () and xanthoquinodins B10-15 (-), together with the already known compound xanthoquinodin B4 (). The structures of the xanthoquinodins were determined by analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Moreover, the absolute configurations of these metabolites were established by analysis of the H-H coupling constants, nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) correlations, and Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) spectroscopic data.

Re-Evaluation of the Order Sordariales: Delimitation of Lasiosphaeriaceae s. str., and Introduction of the New Families Diplogelasinosporaceae, Naviculisporaceae, and Schizotheciaceae.

The order Sordariales includes the polyphyletic family Lasiosphaeriaceae, which comprises approximately 30 genera characterized by its paraphysate ascomata, asci with apical apparati, and mostly two-celled ascospores, which have a dark apical cell and a hyaline lower cell, frequently ornamented with mucilaginous appendages[...

Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 3.

This paper represents the third contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions, information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms for the treated genera, as well as primary and secondary DNA barcodes for the currently accepted species included in these. This third paper in the GOPHY series treats 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives including: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .

(Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) and its relatives.

The order Melanosporales comprises a large group of ascomycetes, most of them mycoparasites, characterized by the production of usually ostiolate, translucent ascomata, unitunicate asci, and unicellular, pigmented ascospores with germ pores or germ slits. The most studied taxa are and , but the boundaries with other morphologically closely related genera are not well resolved. In this study, the taxonomy of and related taxa have been re-evaluated based on the analysis of nuclear rDNA, actin and elongation factor genes sequences of fresh isolates and numerous type and reference strains.

Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 2.

This paper represents the second contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information regarding the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms for the treated genera. In addition, primary and secondary DNA barcodes for the currently accepted species are included.

Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1.

Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) is introduced as a new series of publications in order to provide a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi. This first paper focuses on 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . For each genus, a morphological description and information about its pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms are provided.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 320-370.

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Malaysia: Castanediella eucalypti from Eucalyptus pellita, Codinaea acacia from Acacia mangium, Emarcea eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana, Myrtapenidiella eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus pellita, Pilidiella eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana and Strelitziana malaysiana from Acacia mangium. Furthermore, Stachybotrys sansevieriicola is described from Sansevieria ehrenbergii (Tanzania), Phacidium grevilleae from Grevillea robusta (Uganda), Graphium jumulu from Adansonia gregorii and Ophiostoma eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus marginata (Australia), Pleurophoma ossicola from bone and Plectosphaerella populi from Populus nigra (Germany), Colletotrichum neosansevieriae from Sansevieria trifasciata, Elsinoë othonnae from Othonna quinquedentata and Zeloasperisporium cliviae (Zeloasperisporiaceae fam. nov.