Correction: Mathew et al. Metabolic Signature of Warburg Effect in Cancer: An Effective and Obligatory Interplay between Nutrient Transporters and Catabolic/Anabolic Pathways to Promote Tumor Growth. 2024, , 504.

In the original publication [...

Induction of Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Niclosamide via Blockade of the Function and Expression of SLC38A5 and SLC7A11.

The amino acid transporters SLC38A5 and SLC7A11 are upregulated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). SLC38A5 transports glutamine, methionine, glycine and serine, and therefore activates mTOR signaling and induces epigenetic modifications. SLC7A11 transports cystine and increases the cellular levels of glutathione, which protects against oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation via glutathione peroxidase, a seleno (Se)-enzyme.

Metabolic Signature of Warburg Effect in Cancer: An Effective and Obligatory Interplay between Nutrient Transporters and Catabolic/Anabolic Pathways to Promote Tumor Growth.

Aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, originally observed by Warburg 100 years ago, which involves the production of lactate as the end product of glucose breakdown even in the presence of adequate oxygen, is the foundation for the current interest in the cancer-cell-specific reprograming of metabolic pathways. The renewed interest in cancer cell metabolism has now gone well beyond the original Warburg effect related to glycolysis to other metabolic pathways that include amino acid metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, nucleotide synthesis, antioxidant machinery, etc. Since glucose and amino acids constitute the primary nutrients that fuel the altered metabolic pathways in cancer cells, the transporters that mediate the transfer of these nutrients and their metabolites not only across the plasma membrane but also across the mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes have become an integral component of the expansion of the Warburg effect.

Sigma Receptors: Novel Regulators of Iron/Heme Homeostasis and Ferroptosis.

Sigma receptors are non-opiate/non-phencyclidine receptors that bind progesterone and/or heme and also several unrelated xenobiotics/chemicals. They reside in the plasma membrane and in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and nucleus. Until recently, the biology/pharmacology of these proteins focused primarily on their role in neuronal functions in the brain/retina.

Potent Inhibition of Macropinocytosis by Niclosamide in Cancer Cells: A Novel Mechanism for the Anticancer Efficacy for the Antihelminthic.

Niclosamide, a drug used to treat tapeworm infection, possesses anticancer effects by interfering with multiple signaling pathways. Niclosamide also causes intracellular acidification. We have recently discovered that the amino acid transporter SLC38A5, an amino acid-dependent Na/H exchanger, activates macropinocytosis in cancer cells via amino acid-induced intracellular alkalinization.

Polycystic ovary syndrome and iron overload: biochemical link and underlying mechanisms with potential novel therapeutic avenues.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder in women with components of significant genetic predisposition and possibly multiple, but not yet clearly defined, triggers. This disorder shares several clinical features with hemochromatosis, a genetically defined inheritable disorder of iron overload, which includes insulin resistance, increased adiposity, diabetes, fatty liver, infertility, and hyperandrogenism. A notable difference between the two disorders, however, is that the clinical symptoms in PCOS appear at much younger age whereas they become evident in hemochromatosis at a much later age.

Unconventional Functions of Amino Acid Transporters: Role in Macropinocytosis (SLC38A5/SLC38A3) and Diet-Induced Obesity/Metabolic Syndrome (SLC6A19/SLC6A14/SLC6A6).

Amino acid transporters are expressed in mammalian cells not only in the plasma membrane but also in intracellular membranes. The conventional function of these transporters is to transfer their amino acid substrates across the lipid bilayer; the direction of the transfer is dictated by the combined gradients for the amino acid substrates and the co-transported ions (Na, H, K or Cl) across the membrane. In cases of electrogenic transporters, the membrane potential also contributes to the direction of the amino acid transfer.

Together - apart: in touch in a time of separation.

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst's internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.

Aqua vitae, aqua permanens: dreaming, drowning, swimming and surfing in analysis.

In response to the question 'Who is My Jung?', this paper describes the profound personal impact of Jung's creative / artistic approach to the unconscious, beginning with my discovery of The Red Book at the age of twelve. Echoing the flow of my own dream-life, I trace the course of two analyses through the alchemical process of solutio, which began with numinous dreams of tidal waves and plunged us into inter- and intra-psychic analytic relationships that evoked vestigial memories of our first aquatic world in utero.

Temporal dynamics of relative abundances and bacterial succession in chronic wound communities.

Polymicrobial bacterial infection is an important factor contributing to wound chronicity. Consequently, clinicians frequently adopt a biofilm-based wound care approach, in which wounds are treated utilizing DNA sequencing information about microbial communities. While more successful than treatment not using community information, there is little information about temporal dynamics of wound communities and optimal approaches over the course of treatment.

Reverie: between thought and prayer.

Taking inspiration from a quotation by Lao Tzu, this paper considers 'reverie' as a dynamic process of containment as well as a state of mind. Reverie as a quality of thought akin to prayer is explored in the relationship between self and other. In infant observation, the paper contemplates the development of a baby's capacity to reach beyond the personal world to an archetypal experience of being held, where the creation of an internal space in mind could indicate the beginnings of spiritual awareness.