Background: Dimensional frameworks of psychopathology call for multivariate approaches to map co-occurring disorders to index what symptoms emerge when and for whom. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) offers a method for assessing and differentiating the dynamics of co-occurring symptoms with greater temporal granularity and naturalistic context. The present study used multivariate mixed effects location-scale modeling to characterize the time-varying dynamics of depressed mood and anxiety for women diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depression (MDD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvidence suggests that loneliness causes people to feel more depressed. It is unknown, however, why this association occurs and whether momentary versus chronic experiences of loneliness are implicated. Theoretical accounts suggest that momentary feelings of loneliness produce two competing motivations: social reaffiliation and social withdrawal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Theories assert that avoidance maintains maladaptive anxiety over time, yet a clear prospective test of this effect in the day-by-day lives of people with social anxiety disorder (SAD) is lacking.
Method: We used intensive longitudinal data to test prospective relationships between social fear and social avoidance in 32 participants with SAD who reported on a total of 4256 time points.
Results: Results suggested that avoidance strongly predicted future anxiety, but only in a minority of people with SAD.
Background: Research demonstrates that perceptions of others' attitudes toward drinking behaviors () are strong predictors of alcohol consumption and problems. Personalized normative feedback (PNF) aims to reduce the discrepancy between one's perception of others' attitudes toward drinking and others' attitudes toward drinking. An implicit assumption of PNF is that self and (perceived) other attitudes toward drinking are aligned (thus, shifting one's perceptions of others' attitudes shifts one's own attitudes).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTVEM represents an important statistical method for modeling non-linear, dynamic processes. However, TVEM models the -level process for the focal effect. As addiction- and recovery-related processes demonstrate person-specific heterogeneity, we encourage researchers to model non-parametric non-ergodic change to advance our understanding of how, when, and for whom change occurs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA growing body of research suggests that standard group-based models might provide little insight regarding individuals. In the current study, we sought to compare group-based and individual predictors of bothersome tinnitus, illustrating how researchers can use dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) for intensive longitudinal data to examine whether findings from analyses of the group apply to individuals. A total of 43 subjects with bothersome tinnitus responded to up to 200 surveys each.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrior research suggests that higher trait negative emotion differentiation (NED; one's ability to make subtle distinctions between different negative emotional states) is associated with consuming less alcohol when experiencing high negative affect (NA) in daily life. Yet, whether these findings extend to cannabis use behaviors is unclear. The present study used intensive daily data to test whether NED moderated the relationship between NA and cannabis behaviors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose Of Review: Understanding dynamic relationships between negative affect and substance use disorder (SUD) outcomes, including craving, may help inform adaptive and personalized interventions. Recent studies using intensive longitudinal methods were reviewed to examine relationships between negative affect and the outcomes of either craving or substance use during and following SUD treatment.
Recent Findings: Results on associations between negative affect and craving/substance use were mixed and difficult to synthesize, given methodological differences across studies.
The experience sampling method (ESM) has been frequently used in clinical research; however, there is low translational uptake in clinical practice. This may be due to challenges with interpreting individual-level data at granular intervals. We provide an illustrative example of how ESM can be leveraged to generate personalized cognitive-behavioral strategies for problematic cannabis use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) often co-occur; however, there is limited research evaluating how cognitive-affective and behavioral factors maintain SAD and MDD for specific individuals. Evidence suggests that individuals exhibit symptom-level heterogeneity, necessitating a person-specific approach to assessment and intervention. We compared group and person-specific models of SAD-MDD comorbidity and hypothesized that individuals would demonstrate person-specific patterns of comorbidity factors that differed from the group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeople with social anxiety disorder (SAD) frequently report interpersonal problems across various domains; however, it is unclear whether these problems are observable by others or represent negatively biased self-report. We assessed the interpersonal problems of people with and without SAD using self-report, friend, and romantic partner report. We hypothesized that SAD diagnosis would predict self-reported problems across multiple interpersonal domains, but restricted domains of informant report.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdiographic, or individual-level, methodology has been touted for its potential clinical utility. Empirically modeling relationships between symptoms for a single individual may offer both the client and therapist information that is useful for case conceptualization and treatment planning. However, few studies have investigated the feasibility and utility of integrating idiographic models in a clinical setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTheorists and clinicians have long noted the need for idiographic (i.e., individual-level) designs within clinical psychology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg
September 2019
Objective: To assess whether adults with bothersome tinnitus will complete multiple ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) per day, including those during a therapeutic intervention trial. EMA is defined as repeated sampling of subjects' current behaviors and experiences in real time.
Study Design: Twelve-week longitudinal cohort study conducted from August 28, 2017, to December 14, 2017.