Serum metabolomic profiling of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Rotterdam Study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate serum metabolomic biomarkers associated with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluate their performance in improving T2DM risk prediction.

Methods: Untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics analyses were conducted in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; n=3460; discovery cohort) and Rotterdam Study (RS; n=1556; replication cohort). Multivariable cause-specific hazards models were used to analyze the associations between 23,571 serum metabolomic spectral variables and incident T2DM.

Association of MIND diet with cognitive decline among Black and White older adults.

Introduction: We examined the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet's association with cognitive decline by race among older adults in the Chicago Health and Aging Project.

Methods: Five thousand two hundred fifty-nine participants (73.5 [± 6.

Transforming Big Data into AI-ready data for nutrition and obesity research.

Objective: Big Data are increasingly used in obesity and nutrition research to gain new insights and derive personalized guidance; however, this data in raw form are often not usable. Substantial preprocessing, which requires machine learning (ML), human judgment, and specialized software, is required to transform Big Data into artificial intelligence (AI)- and ML-ready data. These preprocessing steps are the most complex part of the entire modeling pipeline.

MIND Dietary Pattern and Its Association with Cognition and Incident Dementia in the UK Biobank.

A high adherence to the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) has been associated with better cognition and a lower risk of dementia in some but not all studies. We measured adherence to MIND and its association with cognitive health in the UK Biobank (UKB). A MIND score was derived from 24 h diet recall questionnaires for 120,661 participants who completed at least one of seven self-administered cognitive function tests.

Tea Consumption and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the UK Biobank : A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Tea is frequently consumed worldwide, but the association of tea drinking with mortality risk remains inconclusive in populations where black tea is the main type consumed.

Objective: To evaluate the associations of tea consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality and potential effect modification by genetic variation in caffeine metabolism.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Adherence to MIND Diet, Genetic Susceptibility, and Incident Dementia in Three US Cohorts.

Adherence to Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) may lower the risk of dementia by impacting immunity and cholesterol, which are pathways also implicated by genome-wide association studies of Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD). We examined whether adherence to the MIND diet could modify the association of genetic risk for AD with incident dementia. We used three ongoing US cohorts: Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP, n = 2449), Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP, n = 725), and Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS, n = 5308).

Diet and Respiratory Infections: Specific or Generalized Associations?

Background: Based on our recently reported associations between specific dietary behaviors and the risk of COVID-19 infection in the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort, we further investigate whether these associations are specific to COVID-19 or extend to other respiratory infections. Methods: Pneumonia and influenza diagnoses were retrieved from hospital and death record data linked to the UKB. Baseline, self-reported (2006−2010) dietary behaviors included being breastfed as a baby and intakes of coffee, tea, oily fish, processed meat, red meat (unprocessed), fruit, and vegetables.

Caffeine Consumption and Dementia: Are Lewy Bodies the Link?

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the association between caffeine intake and cognitive impairment. Caffeine-neuropathology correlations and interactions with lifestyle and genetic factors impacting caffeine metabolism and response were also tested.

Methods: We included 888 participants aged 59+ years from the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) and 303,887 participants aged 55+ years from the UK Biobank (UKB).

Applying Mendelian randomization to appraise causality in relationships between nutrition and cancer.

Dietary factors are assumed to play an important role in cancer risk, apparent in consensus recommendations for cancer prevention that promote nutritional changes. However, the evidence in this field has been generated predominantly through observational studies, which may result in biased effect estimates because of confounding, exposure misclassification, and reverse causality. With major geographical differences and rapid changes in cancer incidence over time, it is crucial to establish which of the observational associations reflect causality and to identify novel risk factors as these may be modified to prevent the onset of cancer and reduce its progression.

Metabolomic response to collegiate football participation: Pre- and Post-season analysis.

Contact sports participation has been shown to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on health, however little is known about the metabolic sequelae of these effects. We aimed to identify metabolite alterations across a collegiate American football season. Serum was collected from 23 male collegiate football athletes before the athletic season (Pre) and after the last game (Post).

Genetic determinants of liking and intake of coffee and other bitter foods and beverages.

Coffee is a widely consumed beverage that is naturally bitter and contains caffeine. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of coffee drinking have identified genetic variants involved in caffeine-related pathways but not in taste perception. The taste of coffee can be altered by addition of milk/sweetener, which has not been accounted for in GWAS.

Mendelian randomization study of coffee consumption and age at onset of Huntington's disease.

Background & Aim: The association between habitual coffee or caffeine consumption and age at onset (AAO) of Huntington's disease (HD) is unclear. We employed Mendelian randomization to investigate the causal relationship between coffee consumption and AAO of HD.

Methods: The instrumental variable including 14 independent genetic variants associated with coffee consumption was selected from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of 375,833 individuals of European ancestry.

Dietary Behaviors and Incident COVID-19 in the UK Biobank.

Background: Nutritional status influences immunity but its specific association with susceptibility to COVID-19 remains unclear. We examined the association of specific dietary data and incident COVID-19 in the UK Biobank (UKB).

Methods: We considered UKB participants in England with self-reported baseline (2006-2010) data and linked them to Public Health England COVID-19 test results-performed on samples from combined nose/throat swabs, using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-between March and November 2020.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Response to Selenium Supplementation and Circulating Selenium Concentrations in Adults of European Descent.

Background: Selenium (Se) is a trace element that has been linked to many health conditions. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified variants for blood and toenail Se levels, but no GWAS has been conducted to date on responses to Se supplementation.

Objectives: A GWAS was performed to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with changes in Se concentrations after 1 year of supplementation.

Recent consumption of a caffeine-containing beverage and serum biomarkers of cardiometabolic function in the UK Biobank.

We investigated the impact of recent caffeine drinking on glucose and other biomarkers of cardiometabolic function under free-living conditions while also accounting for lifestyle and genetic factors that alter caffeine metabolism and drinking behaviour. Up to 447 794 UK Biobank participants aged 37-73 years in 2006-2010 provided a non-fasting blood sample, for genetic and biomarker measures, and completed questionnaires regarding sociodemographics, medical history and lifestyle. Caffeine drinking (yes/no) about 1 h before blood collection was also recorded.

Habitual coffee intake and risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Purpose: Epidemiological studies support a protective role of habitual coffee and caffeine consumption against the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between coffee intake and the risk of NAFLD.

Methods: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using SNPs associated with habitual coffee intake in a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) as genetic instruments and summary-level data from a published GWAS of NAFLD (1122 cases and 399,900 healthy controls) in the UK Biobank.

Habitual Coffee and Tea Consumption and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in the UK Biobank: The Role of Beverage Types and Genetic Variation.

Background: Mechanisms linking habitual consumption of coffee and tea to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases remain unclear.

Objectives: We leveraged dietary, genetic, and biomarker data collected from the UK Biobank to investigate the role of different varieties of coffee and tea in cardiometabolic health.

Methods: We included data from ≤447,794 participants aged 37-73 y in 2006-2010 who provided a blood sample and completed questionnaires regarding sociodemographic factors, medical history, diet, and lifestyle.

Recent Caffeine Drinking Associates with Cognitive Function in the UK Biobank.

Clinical evidence points to the premise that caffeine may benefit cognition, but whether these findings extend to real life settings and amidst factors that impact caffeine metabolism is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of recent caffeine drinking on cognitive ability while additionally accounting for lifestyle and genetic factors that impact caffeine metabolism. We included up to 434,900 UK Biobank participants aged 37-73 years, recruited in 2006-2010, who provided biological samples and completed touchscreen questionnaires regarding sociodemographic factors, medical history, lifestyle, and diet.

Caffeinated Coffee and Tea Consumption, Genetic Variation and Cognitive Function in the UK Biobank.

Background: Coffee and tea are the major contributors of caffeine in the diet. Evidence points to the premise that caffeine may benefit cognition.

Objective: We examined the associations of habitual regular coffee or tea and caffeine intake with cognitive function whilst additionally accounting for genetic variation in caffeine metabolism.

Investigating the genetic and causal relationship between initiation or use of alcohol, caffeine, cannabis and nicotine.

Background: Caffeine, alcohol, nicotine and cannabis are commonly used psychoactive substances. While the use of these substances has been previously shown to be genetically correlated, causality between these substance use traits remains unclear. We aimed to revisit the genetic relationships among different measures of SU using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the UK Biobank, International Cannabis Consortium, and GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use.