The Diurnal Rhythm of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Kir4.1 in Diabetes: Implications for a Clock Gene Bmal1.

Purpose: Diabetes leads to the downregulation of the retinal Kir4.1 channels and Müller cell dysfunction. The insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is a critical regulator of insulin signaling in Müller cells.