Emerging biomarkers in metastatic urothelial carcinoma: tumour mutational burden, PD-L1 expression and APOBEC polypeptide-like signature in a patient with complete response to anti-programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor.

Immunotherapy has recently been incorporated into the treatment guidelines for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Nevertheless, the role of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in this setting is not completely defined. To date, PD-L1 expression and a high tumour mutational burden (TMB) seem to predict better responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors, but patients without these biomarkers may still respond to immunotherapy.

The influence of testosterone suppression on HER2 immunoexpression in prostatic neoplastic tissue.

During initial risk assessments, the metastatic potential of prostate cancer (PCa) may not be fully considered. The tumor's multicentric origin, which is associated with genetic mutations, may explain existing treatment limitations. Investigating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression in patients with different stages of PCa may therefore increase understanding of the mechanisms associated with the development of castration resistance.

Is possible to rule out clinically significant prostate cancer using PI-RADS v2 for the assessment of prostate MRI?

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement of PI-RADS v2.

Materials And Methods: In this Institutional Review Board approved single-center retrospective study, 98 patients with clinically suspected PCa who underwent 3-T multiparametric MRI followed by MRI/TRUS fusion-guided prostate biopsy were included from June 2013 to February 2015. Two radiologists (R1 and R2) with 8 and 1 years of experience in abdominal radiology reviewed the MRI scans and assigned PI-RADS v2 scores in all prostate zones.

MiR-9 and miR-21 as prognostic biomarkers for recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer.

Despite low mortality rates, nodal recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma occurs in up to 20 % of patients. Emerging evidences indicate that dysregulated microRNAs are implicated in the process of metastasis. In the present study, we investigated whether miR-9, miR-10b, miR-21 and miR-146b levels are predictive of papillary thyroid carcinoma recurrence.

Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (RHAMM) immunohistochemical expression and androgen deprivation in normal peritumoral, hyperplasic and neoplastic prostate tissue.

Objectives: To evaluate hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (RHAMM) expression in normal, hyperplasic and neoplastic prostate tissue after various types and durations of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Clinical and oncological data from men with localised prostate adenocarcinoma were also assessed and compared with RHAMM expression data.

Patients And Methods: Data from 367 men who underwent histological evaluation of the prostate were retrospectively evaluated under six conditions: (i) benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), (ii) BPH treated with finasteride, (iii) prostate cancer without ADT, (iv) prostate cancer treated with neoadjuvant ADT before prostatectomy (cyproterone 200 mg/day), (v) castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and (vi) normal peritumoral prostate tissue.

Amount of tobacco consumption is associated with superficial bladder cancer progression.

Objective: To evaluate the association between smoking habits and outcome of patients with superficial bladder cancer.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed evaluating 99 patients (67.0 ± 13.

Experimental study of the tissue reaction caused by the presence of cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum in the nasal dorsum of rabbits.

Unlabelled: Several materials have been proposed for nasal reconstruction. There is no consensus on which is the best. The cellulose blanket produced by bacteria may be a possible cartilaginous addition element to the nose.

Adenocarcinoma of persistent müllerian duct remnants: case report and differential diagnosis.

Persistent müllerian duct syndrome is an unusual disorder characterized by cryptorchidism and retention of müllerian derivatives (uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper vagina). We report the case of a 39-year-old man with this syndrome in association with adenocarcinoma from the retained müllerian remnants of probable endocervical origin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an endocervical adenocarcinoma associated with persistent müllerian duct syndrome.

Testicular metastasis 10 years after resection of appendiceal carcinoid.

Testicular carcinoids are very rare and account for less than 1% of all testicular neoplasms. They may present as primary testicular tumors or secondary tumors from extratesticular sources. We report a case of a secondary testicular carcinoid occurring 10 years after surgical treatment of an appendiceal carcinoid.