Transmission of COVID-19 in Nightlife, Household, and Health Care Settings in Tokyo, Japan, in 2020.

Importance: There have been few studies on the heterogeneous interconnection of COVID-19 outbreaks occurring in different social settings using robust, surveillance epidemiological data.

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of COVID-19 transmission within different social settings and to evaluate settings associated with onward transmission to other settings.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This is a case series study of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in Tokyo between January 23 and December 5, 2020, when vaccination was not yet implemented.

Rapid increase of syphilis in Tokyo: an analysis of infectious disease surveillance data from 2007 to 2016.

The objective of this study was to examine the trends of primary and secondary syphilis in Tokyo between 2007 and 2016 using national infectious disease surveillance data. We analysed all 3269 cases reported during these 10 years. A statistically significant increase in cases was observed after 2010 with a more rapid rate of increase after 2014 mainly in urban areas in Tokyo.

Enhancing Preparedness against Rubella at the Workplace: Proactive Prevention Efforts by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

In the 2012-2013 rubella epidemic in Japan, most transmissions in Tokyo occurred at workplaces, especially among men aged 20-49 years. This tendency was likely related to previous rubella immunization policies that prioritized female adolescents. Since 2015, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government has been promoting a project to prevent rubella and other infectious diseases in workplaces.

Polychlorinated dioxins, furans, and biphenyls in blood of children and adults living in a dioxin-contaminated area in Tokyo.

The soil of a residential area in Tokyo was found to contain dioxins, namely polychlorinated dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like biphenyls, the levels of which exceeded the environmental guideline [1,000 pg toxic equivalent (TEQ)/g] by up to 6.8 times. To assess the exposure levels of people living in this area and to study the possible relationship of blood dioxin concentrations of children with breast milk and/or formula feeding, a health survey was carried out in 2006, involving a total of 138 people, including 66 children aged 3-15 years, and blood dioxin concentrations and the characteristics and lifestyles of these people were analyzed.