Impact of a history of cardiovascular disease and physical activity habits on the incidence of functional disability.

We examined the impact of a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) or cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and physical activity habits on functional disability among community-dwelling Japanese adults. This population-based retrospective cohort study included 10,661 people aged 39-98 years in Japan (5054, men). Median follow-up was 3.

Lifestyle Intervention With Smartphone App and isCGM for People at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Trial.

Aims: Although conventional interventions for people at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes are usually conducted face-to-face, such interventions are burdensome for health care providers. We developed a lifestyle intervention program combining lifestyle coaching via a smartphone application augmented by intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring without burdening health care providers. Its effectiveness for glycemic control and body weight reduction in people at risk of type 2 diabetes was investigated.

Retrospective cohort study to examine the association between serum amylase and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, Toranomon Hospital Health Management Center Study 23 (TOPICS 23).

Introduction: Low serum amylase values are cross-sectionally associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but have not been shown to be longitudinally associated with its incidence. This retrospective cohort (ie, historical cohort) study aimed to examine the association of previously lowered levels of serum amylase with incident T2DM.

Research Design And Methods: Examined were 8316 individuals who had annual health examinations for 6 years (ie, 7 times) at the Toranomon Hospital Health Management Center.

An online survey on coping methods for genitourinary syndrome of menopause, including vulvovaginal atrophy, among Japanese women and their satisfaction levels.

Background: This study aimed to explore the current situation and existing issues regarding the management of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) or the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). A nationwide web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,031 Japanese women aged 40 years or older.

Materials And Methods: Eligible women were asked to complete a questionnaire about how they dealt with their symptoms and how satisfied they were with their coping methods.

Association between Obesity and Intake of Different Food Groups among Japanese with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-Japan Diabetes Clinical Data Management Study (JDDM68).

Background: We investigated the association between various food groups and obesity in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: 2070 patients with type 2 diabetes who attended 26 diabetes clinics throughout Japan were analyzed and were divided into obese and non-obese groups. Intakes of food groups determined by a food frequency questionnaire were compared.

Higher Iron Intake Is Independently Associated with Obesity in Younger Japanese Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

We aimed to analyze the association between dietary iron intake and obesity assessed by BMI after adjustment for nutrient intake (macronutrients and fiber) and food groups. The study design was cross-sectional. Patients with type-2 diabetes ( = 1567; 63.

Secular Trends in Dietary Intake over a 20-Year Period in People with Type 2 Diabetes in Japan: A Comparative Study of Two Nationwide Registries; Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS) and Japan Diabetes Clinical Data Management Study (JDDM).

Background: In order to provide effective dietary guidance, it is necessary to consider dietary intake, which can change over time. This study analyzed changes in the diet of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes over a 20-year period.

Methods: We compared the results of two dietary surveys that used the food frequency questionnaire format.

Comparing Associations of Dietary Energy Density and Energy Intake, Macronutrients with Obesity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (JDDM 63).

To investigate the association between dietary energy density (DED) and obesity in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, we compared the strength of the associations of DED with intake of energy and macronutrients in terms of obesity as well as nutritional factors that have long been used for medical nutritional therapy. Cross-sectionally investigated were 1615 outpatients with type 2 diabetes who attended 26 clinics nationwide with diabetes specialists.

Retrolaminar versus epidural block for postoperative analgesia after minor video-assisted thoracic surgery: a retrospective, matched, non-inferiority study.

Background: The role of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) for postoperative analgesia after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is still controversial. Some studies have reported the efficacy of ultrasound-guided retrolaminar block (RLB) for the postoperative management of pain after chest wall surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of ultrasound-guided RLB with those of TEA in patients undergoing minor VATS procedures.

Programmable flow injection in batch mode: Determination of nutrients in sea water by using a single, salinity independent calibration line, obtained with standards prepared in distilled water.

Interference of the Schlieren effect on sea water analysis by spectrophotometry is caused by the flow of solutions of different ionic strengths through a flow cell. A flow injection assay protocol programmed in a flow-batch format removes this interference and allows the use of a calibration line, obtained in deionized water, for determination of analytes in sea water samples of different salinity. This Single Line Calibration (SLC) technique is validated on the most frequently performed nutrient assays.

A 52-week randomized controlled trial of ipragliflozin or sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes combined with metformin: The N-ISM study.

Aim: To compare the long-term efficacy of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as second-line drugs after metformin for patients not at high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Materials And Methods: In a 52-week randomized open-label trial, we compared ipragliflozin and sitagliptin in Japanese patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, without prior ASCVD and treated with metformin. The primary endpoint was a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction of ≥0.

Weight and cardiometabolic risk among adolescents in Agano city, Japan: NICE EVIDENCE Study-Agano 1.

Background And Objectives: Pediatric obesity is associated with clustered cardiometabolic risk and the future incidence of cardiovascular disease. However, few studies have determined the effect of pediatric obesity in Asia, where obesity is less common than in Western countries. We aimed to clarify whether weight status including underweight and slightly overweight is associated with metabolic risk factors in Japanese adolescents.

The performance of a new linear light path flow cell is compared with a liquid core waveguide and the linear cell is used for spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in sea water at nanomolar concentrations.

The sensitivity of a spectrophotometric assay is enhanced either by increasing the concentration of the target molecules within the flow cell or by extending the length of the light path of the flow cell. Determination of nutrients at nanomolar concentrations in sea water has therefore been based either on the preconcentration of the analyte on a microcolumn from a large volume of sample followed by its elution into a conventional 1-2 cm flow cell, or by the use of Liquid Core Waveguide (LCW) with a light path as long as several meters. In order to evaluate the relative improvements of these different approaches to increasing sensitivity we have developed a preconcentration technique for the determination of nitrite in seawater using the Gries reaction and compare its sensitivity and precision to that of non preconcentration techniques using both LCW and Linear Light Path (LLP) cells of different lengths.

Flow injection programmed to function in batch mode is used to determine molar absorptivity and to investigate the phosphomolybdenum blue method.

The ultimate goal of flow-based analytical techniques is to automate serial assays of a target analyte. However, when developing any reagent-based assay, the underlying chemistry has to be investigated and understood a step, which is almost always the most challenging component of the optimization effort. The difficulty lies in that almost all reagent-based assays were initially developed and optimized in a batch mode, with the aim to perform assays manually, within a time frame of up to 15 min, while flow injection techniques are designed to monitor concentration gradients at times prior to reaching chemical equilibria and while performing up to two assays per minute.

Combined Effects of Energy Intake and Physical Activity on Obesity in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (JDDM 50): A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: The combined effects of energy intake (EI) and physical activity (PA) on obesity have been poorly investigated. We have investigated the combined effects of EI and PA quantitatively in Japanese men and women with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Data on 1395 patients with type 2 diabetes who attended 25 diabetes clinics located throughout Japan, obtained by questionnaire, were analyzed.

Determination of traces of phosphate in sea water automated by programmable flow injection: Surfactant enhancement of the phosphomolybdenum blue response.

An assay protocol, based on programmable Flow Injection (pFI), is optimized by tailoring flowrates appropriately to the individual steps of an assay, thus allowing sample and reagent metering, mixing, incubation, monitoring and washout to be carried out more efficiently and in different time frames. This novel approach to flow based methods is applied here to optimize the determination of orthophosphate at nanomolar levels. Programmable Flow Injection was also used to facilitate an investigation of the properties of the phosphomolybdenum blue (PMoB) formed during this assay, by using the stop flow technique - an approach that revealed for the first time the influence of surfactants on the kinetics of formation of PMoB and its spectral characteristics.

Relationship between intake of fruit separately from vegetables and triglycerides - A meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: High intake of fruit and vegetables is recommended for cardiovascular health. However, there have been persistent beliefs that fruits having high concentrations of fructose elevate the level of triglycerides (TG) in blood unlike vegetables. This meta-analysis aims to clarify the relationship between fruit intake and TG or hypertriglyceridemia.

Relationships among cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in Japanese adolescents: Niigata screening for and preventing the development of non-communicable disease study-Agano (NICE EVIDENCE Study-Agano) 2.

Objective: To examine the independent and combined associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) with cardiometabolic risk factors in Japanese adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study including 993 Japanese adolescents (aged 13-14 years) was undertaken. Height, body mass, blood pressure, lipid profile (non-fasting), and HbA1c were measured.

Programmable Fow Injection. Principle, methodology and application for trace analysis of iron in a sea water matrix.

Automation of reagent based assays by Flow Injection is based on sample processing, in which a sample flows continuously towards and through a detector for monitoring of its components. There are three drawbacks to using this approach. The constant continuous forward flow: continually consumes reagents and generates chemical waste and necessitates a compromise when optimizing the performance of the reagent based assay.

Comparison of Combined Tofogliflozin and Glargine, Tofogliflozin Added to Insulin, and Insulin Dose-Increase Therapy in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Some patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on insulin have poor glycemic control and require add-on therapy to reach target glucose values. Increased insulin doses or the addition of an oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) may improve glycemic control, but many patients fail to achieve target values. The aim of this study was to compare the treatment efficacy and safety of three different therapies in such patients.