Clinical performance of primary HPV screening cut-off for colposcopy referrals in HPV-vaccinated cohort: Observational study.

Objective: To understand the effect of changing from cytology-based to primary HPV screening on the positive predictive value (PPV) of colposcopy referrals for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in a cohort offered HPV vaccination.

Design: Retrospective pre/post observational cohort study.

Setting: Scotland.

Insights into the Antibacterial Mechanism of Action of Chelating Agents by Selective Deprivation of Iron, Manganese, and Zinc.

Bacterial growth and proliferation can be restricted by limiting the availability of metal ions in their environment. Humans sequester iron, manganese, and zinc to help prevent infection by pathogens, a system termed nutritional immunity. Commercially used chelants have high binding affinities with a variety of metal ions, which may lead to antibacterial properties that mimic these innate immune processes.

On the Antibacterial Activity of Azacarboxylate Ligands: Lowered Metal Ion Affinities for Bis-amide Derivatives of EDTA do not mean Reduced Activity.

EDTA is widely used as an inhibitor of bacterial growth, affecting the uptake and control of metal ions by microorganisms. We describe the synthesis and characterisation of two symmetrical bis-amide derivatives of EDTA, featuring glycyl or pyridyl substituents: AmGly and AmPy . Metal ion affinities (logK) have been evaluated for a range of metals (Mg , Ca , Fe , Mn , Zn ), revealing less avid binding compared to EDTA.

Effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on upper respiratory illness in active males.

Bovine colostrum (COL) has been advocated as a nutritional countermeasure to exercise-induced immune dysfunction and increased risk of upper respiratory illness (URI) in athletic populations, however, the mechanisms remain unclear. During winter months, under double-blind procedures, 53 males (mean training load±SD, 50.5±28.