Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and gestational diabetes and dietary intakes among young adult offspring.

Background/objectives: Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and gestational diabetes (GDM) are associated with increased fat deposition in adult offspring. The purpose of this study was to identify if maternal pre-pregnancy overweight (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m) or GDM are associated with dietary quality or intake in adult offspring.

Subjects/methods: Participants (n = 882) from two longitudinal cohort studies (ESTER Maternal Pregnancy Disorders Study and the Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study) completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire at a mean age of 24.

Reaction times, learning, and executive functioning in adults born preterm.

Background: This study examines cognitive functioning in adults born across the range of prematurity with appropriate or small for gestational age (SGA) birth weight compared with full-term controls.

Methods: ESTER Preterm Birth Study participants without severe disabilities, comprising 133 early preterm (<34 weeks, 17% SGA), 241 late preterm (34 + 0-36 + 6 weeks, 13% SGA), and 348 full-term subjects, performed the Cogstate® test at a mean age of 23.3 (SD = 1.

Postexercise Heart Rate Recovery in Adults Born Preterm.

Objective: To evaluate postexercise heart rate recovery (HRR) in adults born preterm.

Study Design: We studied the association between preterm birth and postexercise HRR in 545 adults (267 women) at 23.3 years of age (range 19.

Gestational Diabetes But Not Prepregnancy Overweight Predicts for Cardiometabolic Markers in Offspring Twenty Years Later.

Context: Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and prepregnancy overweight/obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2] might adversely affect offspring cardiometabolic health.

Objective: To assess the associations between maternal GDM and prepregnancy overweight/obesity with adult offspring cardiometabolic risk factors.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study (ESTER Maternal Pregnancy Disorders Study and the Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study).

Cardiac Autonomic Function in Adults Born Preterm.

Objective: To evaluate cardiac autonomic function in adults born preterm.

Study Design: We studied the association between prematurity and cardiac autonomic function using heart rate variability measurements in 600 adults (mean age of 23.3 years) from a geographically based cohort in Northern Finland.

Alpha-lactorphin and beta-lactorphin improve arterial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

alpha-lactorphin (Tyr-Gly-Leu-Phe) lowers blood pressure in conscious adult SHR. This tetrapeptide is originally released from milk protein alpha-lactalbumin by enzymatic hydrolysis. In order to evaluate the antihypertensive mechanisms of alpha-lactorphin, the effects of the tetrapeptide on vascular function were investigated in (30-35 weeks old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with established hypertension and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats in vitro.

Effect of long-term intake of milk products on blood pressure in hypertensive rats.

The effect of long-term intake of two fermented milk products on the development of hypertension was compared in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The products contained tripeptides isoleucine-proline-proline (IPP) and valine-proline-proline (VPP), which have been shown to possess angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Six-week-old SHR were divided into four groups to receive orally ad libitum water, skim milk or two fermented milk poducts (fermented milk A or fermented milk B; the latter is commercially available in Japan with trade name Calpis) for 14 weeks.