Multisensory Stimulation and Priming (MuSSAP) in 4-10 Months Old Infants with a Unilateral Brain Lesion: A Pilot Randomised Clinical Trial.

Aim: To explore the effect of an Early Intensive-Upper Limb intervention (EI-UL) compared to EI-UL with integrated Multisensory Stimulation And Priming (MuSSAP) training on improving manual ability in infants with a unilateral brain lesion.

Method: A pilot randomised clinical trial with pre- and postintervention and follow-up measurements (T0, T1, and T2) was conducted. Sixteen infants with a unilateral brain lesion (corrected age is 4-10 months) received home-based intervention with video coaching.

Offering Neurofeedback as an Intervention for Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Indonesia: A Feasibility Study.

Background: EEG Neurofeedback training is an accepted non-pharmacological therapy for attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although stimulant medication is known to decrease ADHD symptoms, possible adverse effects, concerns about prolonged drug use on neural development, and problems related to the compliance with the medications are often reported. In Indonesia, research on the feasibility of EEG Neurofeedback to treat ADHD is still lacking.

A First Step Toward the Operationalization of the Learned Non-Use Phenomenon: A Delphi Study.

Background: The negative discrepancy between residual functional capacity and reduced use of the contralesional hand, frequently observed after a brain lesion, has been termed (LNU) and is thought to depend on the interaction of neuronal mechanisms during recovery and learning-dependent mechanisms.

Objective: Albeit the LNU phenomenon is generally accepted to exist, currently, no transdisciplinary definition exists. Furthermore, although therapeutic approaches are implemented in clinical practice targeting LNU, no standardized diagnostic routine is described in the available literature.

Frontal brain areas are more involved during motor imagery than during motor execution/preparation of a response sequence.

Results of several neuroimaging studies support the functional equivalence model, which states that motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME) involve the same processes, except for the final execution component. In contrast, the motor-cognitive model implies that MI additionally involves frontal executive control processes. However, according to some authors MI may actually be more comparable to motor preparation (MP).

Lateralized EEG mu power during action observation and motor imagery in typically developing children and children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy.

Objective: During motor execution (ME), mu power is diminished over the contralateral hemisphere and increased over the ipsilateral hemisphere, which has been associated with cortical activation of the contralateral motor areas and inhibition of the ipsilateral motor areas respectively. The influence of action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) on mu power is less clear, especially in children, and remains to be studied in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP).

Methods: We determined mu power during ME, AO, and MI of 45 typically developing (TD) children and 15 children with uCP over both hemispheres, for each hand.

Understanding the relationship between brain and upper limb function in children with unilateral motor impairments: A multimodal approach.

Unlabelled: Atypical brain development and early brain injury have profound and long lasting impact on the development, skill acquisition, and subsequent independence of a child. Heterogeneity is present at the brain level and at the motor level; particularly with respect to phenomena of bilateral activation and mirrored movements (MMs). In this multiple case study we consider the feasibility of using several modalities to explore the relationship between brain structure and/or activity and hand function: Electroencephalography (EEG), both structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI, fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), Electromyography (EMG) and hand function assessments.

Examining Developmental Changes in Children's Motor Imagery: A Longitudinal Study.

Using a longitudinal design, the present study examined developmental changes in the employment of (motor) imagery strategies on the hand laterality judgment (HLJ) task in children. All children ( = 23) participated three times, at ages of 5, 6, and 7 years. Error percentages and response durations were compared to a priori defined sinusoid models, representing different strategies to judge hand laterality.

Pain Processing in a Social Context and the Link with Psychopathic Personality Traits-An Event-Related Potential Study.

Empathy describes the ability to understand another person's feelings. Psychopathy is a disorder that is characterized by a lack of empathy. Therefore, empathy and psychopathy are interesting traits to investigate with respect to experiencing and observing pain.

Influence of transient spatial attention on the P3 component and perception of painful and non-painful electric stimuli in crossed and uncrossed hands positions.

Recent reports show that focusing attention on the location where pain is expected can enhance its perception. Moreover, crossing the hands over the body's midline is known to impair the ability to localise stimuli and decrease tactile and pain sensations in healthy participants. The present study investigated the role of transient spatial attention on the perception of painful and non-painful electrical stimuli in conditions in which a match or a mismatch was induced between skin-based and external frames of reference (uncrossed and crossed hands positions, respectively).

Evidence for a Priori Existence of Attentional Bias Subgroups in Emotional Processing of Aversive Stimuli.

Little is known regarding inter-individual differences in attentional biases for pain-related information; more knowledge is crucial, since these biases have been associated with differences in pain processing as well as in predicting the risk of postoperative pain. The present study investigated EEG correlates of attentional bias patterns for pain-related information, with specific focus on avoidance- and vigilance-like behavior. Forty-one participants performed a dot-probe task, where neutral and pain-related words were used to create neutral, congruent, incongruent, and double (two pain-related words) trials.

The relation between mirror movements and non-use of the affected hand in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.

Aim: In children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP), it is widely believed that mirror movements contribute to non-use of the affected hand despite preserved capacity, a phenomenon referred to as developmental disregard. We aimed to test whether mirror movements are related to developmental disregard, and to clarify the relation between mirror movements and bimanual function.

Method: A repetitive squeezing task simultaneously measuring both hands' grip-forces was developed to assess mirror movements by using maximum cross-correlation coefficient (CCC ) as well as strength measures (MM ).

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy.

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral motor impairments that are frequently dominated in the upper limb. In addition to a reduced movement capacity of the affected upper limb, several children with unilateral CP show a reduced awareness of the remaining movement capacity of that limb.

Utility of event-related potentials in predicting antidepressant treatment response: An iSPOT-D report.

It is essential to improve antidepressant treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and one way this could be achieved is by reducing the number of treatment steps by employing biomarkers that can predict treatment outcome. This study investigated differences between MDD patients and healthy controls in the P3 and N1 component from the event-related potential (ERP) generated in a standard two-tone oddball paradigm. Furthermore, the P3 and N1 are investigated as predictors for treatment outcome to three different antidepressants.

Children with unilateral cerebral palsy show diminished implicit motor imagery with the affected hand.

Aim: Motor imagery refers to the mental simulation of a motor action without producing an overt movement. Implicit motor imagery can be regarded as a first-person kinesthetic perceptual judgement, and addresses the capacity to engage into the manipulation of one's body schema. In this study, we examined whether children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) are able to engage in implicit motor imagery.

Predictive models to determine imagery strategies employed by children to judge hand laterality.

A commonly used paradigm to study motor imagery is the hand laterality judgment task. The present study aimed to determine which strategies young children employ to successfully perform this task. Children of 5 to 8 years old (N = 92) judged laterality of back and palm view hand pictures in different rotation angles.

Neglect-like characteristics of developmental disregard in children with cerebral palsy revealed by event related potentials.

Background: Children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) often show diminished awareness of the remaining capacity of their affected upper limb. This phenomenon is known as Developmental Disregard (DD). DD has been explained by operant conditioning.

Combined frontal and parietal P300 amplitudes indicate compensated cognitive processing across the lifespan.

In the present study the frontal and parietal P300, elicited in an auditory oddball paradigm were investigated in a large sample of healthy participants (N = 1572), aged 6-87. According to the concepts of the compensation-related utilization of neural circuits hypothesis (CRUNCH) it was hypothesized that the developmental trajectories of the frontal P300 would reach a maximum in amplitude at an older age than the amplitude of the parietal P300 amplitude. In addition, the amplitude of the frontal P300 was expected to increase with aging in adulthood in contrast to a decline in amplitude of the parietal P300 amplitude.

P300 development across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The P300 component of the event-related potential is a large positive waveform that can be extracted from the ongoing electroencephalogram using a two-stimuli oddball paradigm, and has been associated with cognitive information processing (e.g. memory, attention, executive function).

Unravelling developmental disregard in children with unilateral cerebral palsy by measuring event-related potentials during a simple and complex task.

Background: In a subset of children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) a discrepancy between capacity and performance of the affected upper limb can be observed. This discrepancy is known as Developmental Disregard (DD). Though the phenomenon of DD has been well documented, its underlying cause is still under debate.

Differential familiarity effects in amodal completion: support from behavioral and electrophysiological measurements.

We studied the effects of learning on amodal completion of partly occluded shapes. Amodal completion may originate from local characteristics of the partly occluded contours, resulting in local completions, or from global characteristics, resulting in global completions. Two classes of occlusion patterns were constructed: convergent occlusion patterns, in which global and local completions resulted in the same shape, and the much more ambiguous divergent occlusion patterns, in which these completions resulted in different shapes.

Effects of hand orientation on motor imagery--event related potentials suggest kinesthetic motor imagery to solve the hand laterality judgment task.

Motor imagery (MI) refers to the process of imagining the execution of a specific motor action without actually producing an overt movement. Two forms of MI have been distinguished: visual MI and kinesthetic MI. To distinguish between these forms of MI we employed an event related potential (ERP) study to measure interference effects induced by hand orientation manipulations in a hand laterality judgement task.

The learning-oddball paradigm: data of 24 separate individuals illustrate its potential usefulness as a new clinical tool.

Objective: In a previous article reporting group data, we presented event-related potentials (ERPs), which were evoked by randomly presented target stimuli in a 'learning-oddball' task. These ERPs contained a large N2-P3 complex that decreased and a Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) that increased when the targets were presented in a regular fashion. Using the learning-oddball paradigm, the aim of the present paper was to determine ERP effects of introducing regularity in individual participants.

Different mental rotation strategies reflected in the rotation related negativity.

In a mental rotation task of objects, typically, reaction time (RT) increases and the rotation related negativity (RRN) increases in amplitude with increasing angles of rotation. However, in a mental rotation task of hands, different RT profiles can be observed for outward and inward rotated hands. In the present study, we examined the neurophysiological correlates of these asymmetries in the RT profiles.

Event related potentials to digit learning: tracking neurophysiologic changes accompanying recall performance.

The aim of this study was to track recall performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) across multiple trials in a digit-learning task. When a sequence is practiced by repetition, the number of errors typically decreases and a learning curve emerges. Until now, almost all ERP learning and memory research has focused on effects after a single presentation and, therefore, fails to capture the dynamic changes that characterize a learning process.

The influence of transient spatial attention on the processing of intracutaneous electrical stimuli examined with ERPs.

Objective: Determine the influence of transient spatial attention on the processing of intracutaneous electrical stimuli.

Methods: Electrical stimuli, a single pulse or five pulses, were presented at the index fingers of the left or right hand. The to-be-attended hand and stimulated finger varied randomly from trial to trial.