Effect of Vitamin D on the Postprandial Lipid Profile in Obese Patients: A Non-Targeted Lipidomics Study.

: Postprandial lipemia can lead to an accumulation of atherogenic lipoproteins in the circulation associated with systemic low-grade inflammation and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle and pharmacological treatments are usually prescribed for prevention. Vitamin D (cholecalciferol), as an anti-atherogenic agent, is being taken into consideration due to its potential beneficial effects in lipid metabolism and its anti-inflammatory potency.

Increased NEFA levels reduce blood Mg in hypertriacylglycerolaemic states via direct binding of NEFA to Mg.

Aims/hypothesis: The blood triacylglycerol level is one of the main determinants of blood Mg concentration in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Hypomagnesaemia (blood Mg concentration <0.7 mmol/l) has serious consequences as it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and accelerates progression of the disease.

Progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and the metabolic syndrome.

Background And Aims: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis. We aimed to evaluate the progression of carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in RA patients subject to a cardiovascular treat-to-target intervention. In addition, the presence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) on cIMT outcomes was evaluated.

Glucose-dependent leucocyte activation in familial hypercholesterolemia.

Background: Leucocyte activation is an obligatory factor in the development of atherosclerosis. The postprandial situation has been associated to increased leucocyte activation in several disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and familial combined hyperlipidaemia. Our study aim was to evaluate the effect of post-OGTT hyperglycaemia on leucocyte activation in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).

Erythrocyte-bound apolipoprotein B in atherosclerosis and mortality.

Background: The binding of apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins to circulating erythrocytes (ery-apoB) is associated with a decreased prevalence of atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated ery-apoB as a possible prognostic factor in cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, in a prospective cohort study.

Materials And Methods: Ery-apoB was measured by flow cytometry in subjects with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Complement receptor 1 gene polymorphisms are associated with cardiovascular risk.

Background And Aims: Inflammation plays a key role in atherosclerosis. The complement system is involved in atherogenesis, and the complement receptor 1 (CR1) plays a role facilitating the clearance of immune complexes from the circulation. Limited evidence suggests that CR1 may be involved in cardiovascular disease.

Effect of a Single Dose of Vitamin D3 on Postprandial Arterial Stiffness and Inflammation in Vitamin D-Deficient Women.

Context: Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) improves vascular function and inflammation, potentially providing an explanation for the proposed cardiovascular protection of vitamin D.

Objective: We investigated whether cholecalciferol supplementation reduces postprandial arterial dysfunction and inflammation.

Design: Randomized, 1:1, double-blind trial.

Leucocyte-bound apolipoprotein B in the circulation is inversely associated with the presence of clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis.

Background: Atherosclerosis is a pro-inflammatory condition, in which leucocyte activation plays an important role. The interaction between circulating leucocytes and apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins results in pro-inflammatory changes of these cells. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between apo B bound to circulating leucocytes and atherosclerosis.

Marked underdiagnosis and undertreatment of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of underdiagnosis and undertreatment of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in RA patients.

Methods: RA patients ⩽70 years of age without cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes mellitus were included. Systolic blood pressure and a fasting lipid profile were measured.

Coronary leukocyte activation in relation to progression of coronary artery disease.

Leukocyte activation has been linked to atherogenesis, but there is little in vivo evidence for its role in the progression of atherosclerosis. We evaluated the predictive value for progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) of leukocyte activation markers in the coronary circulation. Monocyte and neutrophil CD11b, neutrophil CD66b expression and intracellular neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the coronary arteries were determined by flow cytometry in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

In vivo evidence for chylomicrons as mediators of postprandial inflammation.

Background And Aims: The postprandial situation is a pro-inflammatory condition most likely linked to the development of atherosclerosis. We evaluated the relationship between apolipoprotein (apo) B48 and fasting and postprandial leukocyte activation markers.

Methods: Leukocyte activation markers and apo B48 were determined in 80 subjects with and without coronary artery disease (CAD).

Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis with Low Disease Activity Compared to Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been identified as an independent cardiovascular risk factor. The importance of risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia in the generation of atherosclerosis in RA patients is unclear. This study analyzed clinical parameters associated with carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in patients with RA.

Glucose-dependent leukocyte activation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, familial combined hyperlipidemia and healthy controls.

Background: Leukocyte activation has been associated with vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperglycemia may be involved in this leukocyte activation. Our aim was to investigate the role of elevated glucose concentrations on leukocyte activation in patients with a wide range of insulin sensitivity.

Differential complement activation pathways promote C3b deposition on native and acetylated LDL thereby inducing lipoprotein binding to the complement receptor 1.

Lipoproteins can induce complement activation resulting in opsonization and binding of these complexes to complement receptors. We investigated the binding of opsonized native LDL and acetylated LDL (acLDL) to the complement receptor 1 (CR1). Binding of complement factors C3b, IgM, C1q, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), and properdin to LDL and acLDL were investigated by ELISA.

Postprandial inflammation: targeting glucose and lipids.

Many risk factors have been identified as being responsible for the process of atherogenesis. Several of these risk factors are related to inflammation, which is an obligatory feature of the atherosclerotic plaque. Increasing evidence suggests that postprandial lipoproteins and glucose may be involved in the inflammatory process preceding the development of atherosclerosis.

The postprandial situation as a pro-inflammatory condition.

Postprandial lipemia has been associated with cardiovascular disease. The current pathophysiological concept is that postprandial remnant lipoproteins migrate into the subendothelial space and that remnants activate circulating leukocytes and endothelial cells. Activated monocytes adhere to endothelial adhesion molecules, facilitating subendothelial migration of monocytes.

Hepatitis E-associated encephalopathy in a renal transplant recipient.

Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 is not rare in developed countries, and may cause chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. This may not only lead to abnormalities in liver test and malaise, but to severe neurological symptoms as well. In this case, chronic hepatitis E infection caused encephalopathy, an atactic gait, Lhermitte's sign, incomplete bladder emptying and peripheral sensory neuropathy in a renal transplant recipient.