Sex-specific effects of metformin and liraglutide on renal pathology and expression of connexin 45 and pannexin 1 following long-term high-fat high-sugar diet.

The comparative effects of the two commonly used antidiabetic drugs metformin and liraglutide on renal pathology and expression of connexin 45 (Cx45) and pannexin 1 (Panx1) in adult obese rats fed high-fat high-sugar diet (HFHSD) were studied. Considering recent data on the profound influence of sex on metformin and liraglutide effects, we compared the effects of both drugs between male and female animals. 44-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into 4 groups that were fed: standard diet, HFHSD, HFHSD treated with metformin (s.

Effects of Different n6/n3 PUFAs Dietary Ratio on Cardiac Diabetic Neuropathy.

We studied the influence of experimentally induced DM1, in combination with different dietary n6:n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on different types of nerve fibers in rat myocardium, in order to reveal whether protective/unfavorable effects of different PUFAs on myocardial function in diabetic patients could be a (partial) repercussion of their effect on the changes in cardiac innervation. The control group (c) and diabetic group (stz) were fed with an n6/n3 ratio of ≈7; the diet of the stz+n6 group had an n6/n3 ratio ≈60, while the diet for the stz+DHA group contained 2.5% of fish oil (containing 16% eicosapentaenoic acid-EPA and 19% docosahexaenoic acid-DHA), n6/n3 ratio of ≈1.

Renal expression of sigma 1 receptors in diabetic rats.

The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the expression of sigma 1 receptors (σ1Rs) in the kidney of diabetic rats, which could indicate their possible role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Sprague-Dawley rats were were given intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) in order to induce type I of diabetes (DM1). Control and diabetic rats were sacrificed 2 weeks or 2 months after DM1 induction.

Ultrastructural characterization of vitamin D receptors and metabolizing enzymes in the lipid droplets of the fatty liver in rat.

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone with numerous actions in the organism. There are strong evidences that relate vitamin D deficiency with liver lipid metabolism disturbances, but the mechanism of this action is still unknown. In our previous work we postulated the localization and accumulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in membrane of the lipid droplets (LDs) in hepatocytes.

PUFAs supplementation affects the renal expression of pannexin 1 and connexins in diabetic kidney of rats.

In diabetic nephropathy (DN), intercellular communication is disrupted. Connexins (Cx) have a crucial role in that process. Dietary ratios and supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can alleviate diabetic complications and cause alterations in Cx levels.

Dietary DHA/EPA supplementation ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by protecting from distal tubular cell damage.

The aim was to explore the influence of experimental diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) and potential protective/deleterious effects of different dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios on renal phospholipid composition and pathological changes caused by DM1. Male Wistar rats were injected with 55 mg/kg streptozotocin or citrate buffer (control group). Control (C) and diabetic groups (STZ) were fed with n-6/n-3 ratio of ≈ 7, STZ + N6 with n-6/n-3 ratio ≈ 60 and STZ + DHA with n-6/n-3 ratio of ≈ 1 containing 16% EPA and 19% DHA.

Sigma-1 Receptor Expression in DRG Neurons During a Carrageenan-Provoked Inflammation.

Sigma 1 receptor (σ1R) is a non-opioid receptor that modulates pain perception and is strongly expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. We studied the changes in the expression of σ1R in different sub-populations of DRG neurons during the first 48 hr in a carrageenan-induced inflammation rat model, with σ1R being a possible base for the development of neuropathic pain after inflammation. Twenty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups (N = 4 in each group): the control (C) group was sacrificed immediately; all other animals received an intraplantar injection of 0.

Reabsorption in the proximal tubuli-ultrastructural evidence for a novel aspect of renal VEGF trafficking.

Many clinical and experimental studies have revealed VEGF as an important factor in the pathophysiology of renal damage during diabetes mellitus (DM). Anti-VEGF therapy is in clinical use for treatment of DM and other diabetes-related (and unrelated) diseases. Nevertheless, little is known about the metabolism of VEGF in the kidneys.

Changes in expression of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 and phosphatase and tensin homologue in kidneys of diabetic rats during ageing.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). We studied the expression of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) in the kidneys of diabetic rats during ageing.

Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected with 55 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) (DM group) or with citrate buffer (control group).

Changes in neurofilament 200 and tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the cardiac innervation of diabetic rats during aging.

Changes in sensory and sympathetic innervation during diabetes mellitus (DM) can be a predictor of arrhythmias, silent myocardial ischemia, and chronic heart failure, but knowledge about these changes is still unsatisfactory. We analyzed whether prolonged DM induces changes in density of sensory and sympathetic nerve terminals of rat's heart and whether it contributes to cardiomyopathy during aging. DM was induced by i/p injecting 55 mg/kg streptozotocin to male Sprague-Dawley rats, while a control group received a citrate buffer.