Variation of some arteries of the vertebrobasilar system: case report.

A specificity of the vertebrobasilar system (VBS) is a convergent junction of paired vertebral arteries (VAs) in the basilar artery (BA) usually at the level of bulbopontine sulcus on the ventral side of the rhombencephalon. We revealed multiple VBS variations (a high junction of both VAs, absence of posterior inferior cerebellar arteries, short and ectatic BA, hypoplasia and initial duplication of the left anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and bilateral common trunks of the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries) in a 52-year-old male that routinely autopsied at the Institute of Forensic Medicine. Embryological base and morphological status of presented VBS variations is highlighted according to the literature data.

Fenestrations and Various Duplications of the Posterior Communicating Artery in the Prenatal and Postnatal Periods.

Background: The 2 paired arteries-the posterior communicating arteries (PCoAs) and the precommunicating parts of the posterior cerebral arteries-form the so-called posterior segment of the cerebral arterial circle on the base of the brain. A number of (ab)normal morphologic features were described in the literature (e.g.

Vitamin D in the light of current knowledge.

Vitamin D, i.e., 1.

Short-term corticosteroids for celiac crisis in infants.

We report two infants with celiac crisis who continued to have persistent secretory diarrhea despite gluten and lactose free diet and supportive parenteral nutrition. The children were given corticosteroid therapy. After a five-day oral prednisone in the dose of 2 mg/kg/daily, both patients rapidly recovered.

Influence of early feeding practices on celiac disease in infants.

Aim: To investigate whether duration of breastfeeding and timing of gluten introduction influence the age at diagnosis and severity of celiac disease.

Methods: Medical records of 89 infants (59 girls and 30 boys; mean age of 14.2 months, standard deviation 4.

Effect of gluten-free diet on the growth and nutritional status of children with coeliac disease.

Introduction: Gluten-free diet (GFD) presents the basis of coeliac disease (CD) treatment. If strictly applied, the disorders of the small bowel mucosa and other disease signs rapidly resolve.

Objective: The goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of GFD on the growth and nutritional status of children with the classical form of CD.

Lactose intolerance in infants with gluten-sensitive enteropathy: frequency and clinical characteristics.

Introduction: Secondary lactose intolerance (SLI) belongs to the rarer manifestations of gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE). It occurs in more severe forms of the disease and its presence contributes significantly to the degree of its expression.

Objective: The goal of the study was to determine the frequency of SLI in infants with clinically classic form of GSE, as well as its relationship with the duration, severity and age at the diagnosis of the basic disease and the degree of small bowel mucosa damage.

[Arias icterus--prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia caused by breast milk].

Introduction: Breast milk jaundice occurs in 1-2% of healthy breast-fed newborns and young infants. It develops as the result of liver immaturity and the inhibitory effect of mother's milk to the clearance of unconjugated bilirubin.

Objective: The paper analyzes variations in the level and length of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in breast-fed infants.

Antioxidant enzymes, glutathione and lipid peroxidation in peripheral blood of children affected by coeliac disease.

Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease. The aim of this study was to examine the modulation of the biochemical response to oxidative stress in untreated and treated coeliac disease.

Methods: The study involved peripheral blood samples from 39 paediatric patients (18 with active, 11 with silent form of the disease, 10 on gluten-free diet [GFD]) and 30 control subjects.

[Variations in the concentration of total human milk proteins in the first month of lactation].

Introduction: Human milk proteins are maximally adapted to physiological needs of a neonate. Thus, depending on the speed of the neonatal growth and development, the content of milk proteins changes, both in quantity and quality.

Objective: The study was conducted in order to determine variations of total protein concentrations in milk in the first and third lactation week in lactating mothers of term and preterm neonates.

[Gilbert's syndrome in children--our experience].

Introduction: Gilbert's syndrome represents the most frequent hereditary disorder of bilirubin metabolism. It occurs in 2-7% of subjects in general population, and is manifested by mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia of benign nature.

Objective: The study was conducted in order to analyse our experience related to the circumstances of disclosure, age at onset and sex distribution of Gilbert's syndrome in children.

[Clinical manifestations of cow milk protein intolerance in infants].

Introduction: The disorder of cow milk protein intolerance is characterised by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by hypersensitivity of type I, II, or IV, and occurs in 2-3% of children, mostly infants.

Objective: The aim of this study was to present our experiences and observations of clinical signs and symptoms of cow milk protein intolerance in infants aged below 12 months.

Method: The investigation was carried out on a sample of 55 infants, aged between 1.

Superoxide dismutase activity in colostrum, transitional and mature human milk.

Colostrum and mature human milk are rich sources of nutrients and contain biologically active molecules that are essential for specific antioxidant functions. The aim of the present study was to determine the activity of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity in different phases of lactation. Specific enzyme activity was determined in colostral milk (3rd-5th days after delivery), and in mature milk in the third week (15-20 days), and the fourth and seventh months of lactation.